tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33506576256891957182024-03-08T07:19:40.287-08:00Writing a college essayGood Compare And Contrast Essay Topicsedithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.comBlogger37125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-68697618648746312192020-08-24T05:02:00.001-07:002020-08-24T05:02:03.349-07:00Riding a Roller Coaster Essay Example for FreeRiding a Roller Coaster Essay A thrill ride contains numerous circles and curves consistently. From the start, the ride looks startling. I never figured I would see myself ride one until one day my niece constrained me to jump on one. She was just 13 years of age around then, and I was 20 years of age. Being more youthful than me, I would not like to give her how frightened I was, so I dropped my pride and rode it. Subsequent to finding the energy of riding the crazy ride, I got dependent on it and continued riding it again and again. During the special seasons, my family and I went to Enchanted Kingdom in the Philippines. My little niece, Mai, needed to ride the thrill ride called The Space Shuttle. Being the most established, I needed to follow her despite the fact that I was frightened to ride it. While sitting tight in line for our turn, I saw numerous individuals were on edge to jump on, however for me I was anxious like a young man. The sun was consuming onto my skin and made me sweat more as the line became shorter. I looked up to the exciting ride, and I saw that it accelerated a few occasions such as a plane. By then, I began to get butterflies in my stomach. When I was going to pivot, it was at that point past the point of no return. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s our turn,â⬠my niece hollered with fervor. I turned out to be peaceful and gave my ticket remnant to the individual accountable for the ride. We boarded and locked ourselves in as firmly as possible. In the wake of locking in, I told my niece that I was frightened and I would be shutting my eyes during the entire ride. She essentially answered by saying, ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t close your eyes or itââ¬â¢ll be considerably more unnerving; lift your hands up so itââ¬â¢ll be increasingly fun! â⬠The ride was going to begin, and my legs were Tumaneng 2 shuddering and my fingers couldn't keep still. There was a commencement board before us with lights that were red, yellow, and afterward green. When we hit the green light, the ride shot forward. I was unable to accept how quick the ride was going, and all the contort and makes lifted me feel sick. I recalled what my niece stated, and I adhered to her guidelines. After the ride arrived at its quickest speed, it out of nowhere eased back down and before us was a slope, so we began to climb. I could hear the chain pulling up the truck, and everybody around me was grinning and having a fabulous time. I was at that point having a fabulous time from the earliest starting point of the ride, and I needed more. It resembled a medication that I was unable to quit having. We arrived at the top when my niece shouted, ââ¬Å"This is the thing that Iââ¬â¢ve been sitting tight for! â⬠I put my hands up, and I could perceive how excellent the entertainment mecca was. At that point, we plunged and I shouted my lungs out. As we dropped, we went into an immense circle that caused us to go topsy turvy. I was unable to have envisioned how much fun I was having. I adored the adrenaline surge that was coursing through my body. This ride alone made my blood siphon quicker than any time in recent memory, and I needed more. To my failure, the ride stopped in light of the fact that it was finished. We unfastened ourselves and began to stroll down the steps, with my legs despite everything shuddering, except not from in dread however from energy. I adored the ride! It was quick and had a wide range of exciting bends in the road. In that day alone, I rode the ride very nearly multiple times with Mai. Riding the Space Shuttle turned into my fixation. Each time I return to the Philippines, I need to get onto that ride. My niece and I had an awesome time that day, and it is something that I can't ever overlook. The excitement of riding a thrill ride just because made me adores it for eternity. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-40892878348679303582020-08-22T00:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:35:18.431-07:00Importances of shipping on indian economySignificances of delivery on indian economy Presentation Delivery has assumed an immense job in the Indian economy. Topographically, practically 50% of Indias outskirt is secured with ocean. Talking as far as worldwide exchange, the measure of exchange done via land and air is extremely restricted. 90% of Indias regarding volume and seventy seven percent as far as worth are conveyed via ocean. This shows the measure of Indias reliance on transportation. The underlying situation where Indias parity of exchange for the most part indicated higher imports when contrasted with the fares is presently evolving. Indias sends out when contrasted with imports have expanded to eight six percent in 2001-02 when contrasted with seventy five percent in 1990-91. In the year 2002 as indicated by the reports of the WTO, India accomplished fifteen percent development rate in fares of product merchandise which made it second most elevated on the planet. Over 90% of world exchange is conveyed by the universal transportation industry. Without delivery the impo rt and fare of merchandise on the scale essential for the cutting edge world would not be conceivable. There are around 50,000 dealer ships exchanging globally, moving each sort of freight. The world armada is enlisted in more than 150 countries, and kept an eye on by over a million sailors of for all intents and purposes each nationality. Boats are in fact modern, high worth resources (bigger greetings tech vessels can cost over US$150 million to manufacture), and the activity of vendor ships produces an expected yearly pay of over US$380 billion in cargo rates, speaking to about 5% of the all out worldwide economy. For a countrys economy, the transportation part is frequently seen as a significant indicator of development. As more products are devoured inside a nation, the transportation part should become as needs be so as to suit the vehicle of extra merchandise. What's more, as the wheels of business turn with ever more noteworthy speed, so does the volume of traveler traffic. As a culmination, the area of assembling offices and circulation focuses can majorly affect the development of a countrys transportation division and transportation foundation. The general area of these assembling offices and dispersion focuses can direct whether the nation turns into a center point inside a coordinations organize or a spoke in the wheel, serving in actuality as a travel passage. Such issues are of specific significance to rising economies where transport and coordinations foundation is in procedure of fast turn of events. On the off chance that we take a gander at the fundamental drivers of Global Trade, they are Profitability for example value distinction among different markets, Risk Spread which decreases the conditions on one market, Uneven circulation of common assets, Difference in level of advancements wherein a few nations have more significant level of innovation and some have low, Difference in cost of creation on the grounds that at different spots different modern information sources are similarly less expensive for example work, power, innovation, and so on. In the event that we intently take a gander at sends out, a nation trades a specific thing which it might have normally, for example oil, or which it creates a great deal for example wheat, and so on. However, the more a nation sends out, the more outside salary it gains particularly on account of creating nations which expands its remote stores and at last coming about in the countrys all the more purchasing force and along these lines helping it to create. Along these lines sends out end up being a shelter for a nation. On the off chance that we talk about the complete overall fares from the year 1980 to 2006, overall fares were esteemed at Year 1980 1990 2002 2004 2006 Worth (Bn.$) 1,271 3,303 4,071 8,567 12,083 Nations need to depend on different nations for certain merchandise which it doesn't have. So to import these products, a nation needs to have outside trade and for that a nation depends on its fares. For the most part a nations equalization of exchange should consistently be sure, for example its fares ought to be more than its imports. Consequently transportation assuming an enormous job, the progression of freights in the ports are colossal. All the imports and fares of the entire nation are being finished by 12 significant ports. In this way the development of freight in these ports is immense. To add on to this, imports and fares need to experience exhaustive checks and a ton of documentation. All freight products brought into the nation or sent out of the nation via ocean, air, land or rail courses are represented by the arrangements of the Customs Act, 1962 and different laws of the nation identified with passage/exit from the nation. Customs guarantees that the import and fare of merchandise are in consistence with the Customs Act and different laws in power. As needs be, customs strategies are expected to give positive, unsurprising techniques by which the merchandise can enter the nation and get cleared on installment of pertinent import obligations, satisfying the prerequisites of the tradition that must b e adhered to. Altogether experiencing all products that are to be imported or sent out requires extraordinary arrangement of time and this outcomes into clog at ports coming about into sluggish development of the load and ships. These bottlenecks end up being hurtful for the countrys absolute universal exchange. To help evacuate blockage at ports, Government underpins offices, for example, C.F.S (Container Freight Stations) which end up being drastically valuable in expelling clog at ports. The C.F.S enables a ton in lessening the aggregate to stay time of load and its related expenses. CFS is where compartments are full, de-stuffed and accumulation/isolation of fare/import load happens. With the developing volume of worldwide exchange, the requirement for quick leeway of products at the port inside the base conceivable time has been picking up significance. This is all the more so when the ports are confronting clog at their premises. Further, for ideal usage of existing framework, space, hardware, merchandise that are arrived at ports should be emptied straight away with no loss of time. In like manner the idea of Container Freight Stations (CFS) has developed in significance alongside the turn of events and development of ports. A C.F.S ends up being helpful for the merchant, exporter, the port, and the nation itself. It is useful for the merchant in wording that when merchandise show up, the shipper can legitimately take his products to the C.F.S and do all the documentation while hello there products are the C.F.S. This causes him in sparing taking care of punishments regarding demrage if the freedom of products takes additional time than expected. It enables the exporter in wording that an exporter to can stuff his holder at the C.F.S premises and therefore the compartment gets prepared to send when it arrives at the port. This can spare him from taking care of additional punishments if the ordinary stuffing took additional time when being full at the port itself. It is useful for the port since it goes about as an all-encompassing arm of the port and the normal exercises like stuffing and destuffing of compartments should be possible at the C.F.S. The freedom of products should be possible while the merc handise are at the C.F.S and this outcomes into extremely low blockage at the port which makes the port capacities smooth and simple. The vessels can be stacked and emptied quicker, which builds the all out turnaround of the port. At present, when Indias all out worldwide exchange is on blast, on the off chance that the port can build its proficiency, at that point it the absolute exchange can significantly expand which thus benefits the nation all in all. Innovation assumes a tremendous job. Job of EDI. Fares presently represent over 10% of Indias $ 661 billion economy and the rate it developing persistently. C.F.S The Import Export Procedure. A C.F.S is a typical client office with open position status furnished with fixed establishments and offering administrations for taking care of and transitory capacity of import/send out loaded and void compartments conveyed under traditions control and with Customs and different organizations able to clear merchandise for home use, warehousing, brief affirmations, re-trade, impermanent capacity for forward travel and altogether trade. Transshipment of freight can likewise happen from such stations. A CFS is an all-inclusive arm of Port/ICD Complex, where import/send out merchandise are kept till fulfillment of their assessment and leeway. The imported products can be quickly moved from the port to CFS which likewise helps in the decrease of port clog. All the exercises identified with leeway of products for home utilization, warehousing, impermanent confirmations, re-send out, transitory capacity for ahead travel and inside and out fare and transshipments happen from such stations. Along these lines, freedom of products from CFS is a significant purpose of thought for exchange regard of fare/import Cargo as it is the last Customs contact point. The Main capacity of CFS is receipt, dispatch and leeway of Containerized Cargo, exceptional stock control and following framework to find compartments/load. The products got at ports are brought to CFS and stacked in CFS after check of the seal by Customs Officers. C.F.S are reinforced and secure zones, deliberately found near holder po rts, where numerous worth included exercises can be completed at all phases of the flexibly chain coordinations of containerized cargo. These incorporate compartment stuffing and de-stuffing, re-gathering in processing plant units apparatus and vehicles which have been stalled into pack parts for transportation, merchandise naming and bundling, full holder taking care of and capacity, temperature controlled capacity, fortified capacity, long haul warehousing, street and rail transport administrations, cross docking and load dealing with consultancy. C.F.S I.C.D There is a distinction between Container Freight Stations (CFS) and Inland Container Depots (ICD). In both the spots, the imported merchandise or fare products are customarily kept before freedom by the Customs and where recording of Customs shows, a similar system is followed for the bills of passage, dispatching bills and different revelations, evaluation and all the exercises identified with leeway of products for home utilization, warehousing, transitory confirmations, re-send out, edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-36596031123280928272020-07-17T14:27:00.001-07:002020-07-17T14:27:04.682-07:00Nitro Nitro INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in San Francisco with Nitro and Sam. Sam, who are you and what do you do?Sam: Sam Chandler, Im the founder and CEO here at Nitro.Martin: What did you do before you started this company?Sam: Before this company other companies. Ive been doing this a long time now, it feels like, 16+ years. Started my first company when I was 16 and still in high school in Tasmania, Australia, which is a long way from San Francisco, but, anyway. My second company I started in Melbourne in Australia a few years after that, when I moved from Tasmania to mainland Australia to go to University. And then we founded Nitro in 2005. My first company was a web services company, my second company was an email marketing startup, and here we are with a document productivity company.Martin: And what is the link between those three startups? Because most startup founders I talk to are having some kind of theme, some people like communities, some people like maybe SaaS. What is t he link between your three startups?Sam: I think people would be the first one. So, I brought across from my second startup to Nitro my technical co-founder and one thing thats kind of being a constant across that company and this company is that we try and build a team that wants to work together for the long run. So, people would be the constant theme, if not the specific technology. From a technology or product point of view, the same thing about Nitro applies to our previous company, which is were trying to make it easier for businesses to do business. So, the email marketing company was all about giving much rich and more powerful email marketing tools to marketing teams, and with Nitro were trying to make it easier for businesses to work with documents.BUSINESS MODELMartin: How did you identify the problem that Nitro is trying to solve?Sam: We observed, the founding team observed in 2004 that most businesses were working with documents very inefficiently. And they werent using digital documents to their fullest potential or they werent using digital documents at all. So, big part of our mission has been helping businesses transition from paper to digital and then to transition to more and more powerful ways of working with digital, or working with electronic documents. So, when we founded Nitro in 2005, we actually started by releasing what was at the time the first alternative to Adobe Acrobat on the desktop. Today we are the leading alternative to Adobe Acrobat, nine years later. And thats a big step out from working in very inefficient paperwork flows, for example. When it comes to kind of a next generation, or the next chapter for Nitro, its actually about smart documents in the browser or on mobile. So, were taking that original idea of trying to make businesses more productive with the things that they typically do with documents every day, and were just bringing the solution forward into a new era, one in which we work, increasingly on mobile devi ces and in a web browser.Martin: And can you briefly describe the process for big corporation or maybe SME, and how your product fits in into this?Sam: We have two key products. We have Nitro Pro, which is the Adobe Acrobat alternative and we have nearly 500.000 businesses worldwide running on Nitro, more than half the Fortune 500. And Nitro Pro is sold every single month into nearly 200 countries worldwide. So, Nitro Pro is a very established, mature product with significant adoption across the world in businesses of all sizes. Youll typically find Nitro Pro deployed as part of the standard operating equipment inside of a team of department or across the organization. So, we find most often that Nitro Pro is bundled with Microsoft Office, so if youre looking at what your classic knowledge worker toolkit on the desktop includes, it usually includes Microsoft Office and it should include Nitro Pro. Our second product is Nitro Cloud, which is all about document sharing and collaborati on in the browser and on mobile. When you look at how Nitro Cloud is deployed, we are starting mainly with a SMB, or mid market focused with Nitro Cloud, so most of our customers have 10s or 100s of users, and theyre using Nitro Clouds for some of the things that they used to use PDF for. Instead of using Nitro Pro to stamp a signature, for example, to a PDF document, theyre actually using Nitro Cloud to initiate and capture any signing workflow. But we do more than that, we do collaboration things as well. So, when you look at the kind of the double deployment inside of lot of our customers, theyre using Nitro Pro on the desktop for all their first generation document sharing and collaboration needs, and then Nitro Cloud for their second generation document sharing and collaboration needs.Martin: And how do you acquire those customers? Are you only acquiring them directly or do you use some kind of distribution of partnerships? I could imagine as you said, if youve got most of the time bundling them with Microsoft products, entering into distribution partnership with Microsoft or somebody who is selling a lot of Microsoft products?Sam: We do actually do have such a partnership. We signed a deal with Lenovo a couple of years ago, and today we are pre-loaded on Lenovo machines worldwide. So, the vast majority of Lenovo machines in most of the major countries that Lenovo operates in, we are preloaded, Nitro Pro is preloaded as the default PDF solution.Martin: And Nitro Pro is for free or is it divided into free and paid version?Sam: Both. So, we have, in the case of Lenovo partnership, all Lenovo customers get a fully functional 30 day trial at Nitro Pro, after which time it goes to free mode. So, the free mode actually has a bunch of features, its still very useful. You can still create PDFs, you can still do basic annotations, you can still stamp a signature, many of the things that we would want to offer for free. But, once that trial period has expired, if y ou need features beyond what we offer for free, than you would simply upgrade and convert to a paid user.Martin: A lot of startups, from my perspective, should start partnering with distributional partners. What would be your advice for them to just find the right partners and then convince them that they should partner with you?Sam: Even though partnerships can be great, they can be hard. I think in the early days what most startups struggle with is the credibility that is required to land very big and important partnerships. If youre a startup thats six months old and, you, guys are in a room, the chances of you closing a multimillion dollar deal with a very big, Fortune 500 company or something like that, are very slim. If we had tried to close the deal with Lenovo many years ago we wouldnt have had a chance. I think partnerships work when youve got enough scale and credibility, enough of a reputation and brand and the market, that you can offer something very interesting to a bi g partner. And those kinds of big partnerships can be quite transformational. But at the same time, you want to be careful with partnerships. Its very tempting for some small companies to go out there and lend big partnerships, but you can imagine a situation where a small company lends a very big partnership and all of a sudden, that partnership becomes most of its revenue, and so the company is at risk of not having a business anymore if it loses just one partnership. So, weve been quite careful over the years. We never wanted to have really significant partnerships until we felt we were at scale, where we could take them on board and they would only represent a small percentage of our revenue. I think the strategy, when I think about the distribution that I would recommend to most software startups its the strategy that we pursue for the last, certainly since 2008, which is freemium. I think freemium is a wonderful model, I think its applicable in all different kinds of software businesses. There are some where it doesnt work, if youre selling very high value, enterprise great solutions with very long sales cycles, and very big dollar value deals, freemium perhaps isnt the way to go. But, for everything else, for small business to the mid market, even someone in the enterprise space, freemium actually works really, really well.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Sam, lets talk about corporate strategy. What has been you market entry strategy? When you launched the product, did you just offered everything for free or did you use some kind of online marketing or did you use some other platforms, or how did you get the first 50.000 downloads of your Nitro PDF?Sam: We actually started, for the first two years, we werent freemium. And we tried more conventional methods of advertising. We tried all the stuff that, if youve done it before, you realized that it doesnt work like traditional advertising, buying advertising, buying print, buying banners. We had some success ear ly on with SEO, search engine optimization, so we were getting quite a bit of organic traffic just because we were the first alternative to Adobe Acrobat. So, when people searched for Adobe Acrobat alternative, they found us. We were quite strong from an organic point of view, SEO point of view, we did SEM, of course, early on. And that actually, experience with SEO really informed of few, about the value in freemium, we realized that if we can get quite a lot traffic, and therefore prospects through having the right kind of content, imagine how much more popular we could be if we gave certain features and functionality away for free. And that was a real light bulb moment for us, and we generated significantly more traffic under a freemium model than we were able to generate with content.Martin: You started with this kind of freemium model. How easy was it to convert those free members to paying members?Sam: You get better at that over time. I think good freemium businesses are the result of, and I say this quite a bit to our team, a thousand optimizations. Very few freemium businesses hit the market and then have conversion rates that really amaze people. You start somewhere, and then you tweak, and you tweak, and you tweak, and you tweak and eventually it looks ok. We started of being essentially exclusively an online company, where we actually got to millions of dollars in revenue, between 5 and 10 million dollars in revenue before we ever had sales people. So, we were selling entirely online, we were an e-commerce platform, and it was a very successful and actually extremely high margin way to sell, of course. It doesnt really require any human interaction. But, there was a limit at how big you can get, I think, with that model, in certain markets, not everywhere. Some markets can go quite big with zero touch. But we, a few years in, made the decision that we would also create an inside sales team. So, we worked very hard at optimizing the funnel, for our online customers and prospects, and when it comes to those who want a deployment of Nitro Pro or Nitro Cloud that is team sized or department sized, or wall to wall, in a company, those customers come inside sales team. So we have inside sales team here in San Francisco, we have one in Dublin, servicing European market, we have one in Australia, as well, serving Australia and New Zealand.Martin: I would assume that you would serve or sell to SMEs online and to big corporation via inside sales. Is this assumption correct or not?Sam: It is, absolutely. We sell very efficiently to SMEs, worldwide, both online and through our sales team. Clearly, for our bigger accounts thats more of a consultative sales process, when the deal size is, would typically be often 10 or 20 times the size of the average SME sale.Martin: You have a lot off international offices for your company and you are sitting here in San Francisco. How do you manage those teams over there? From a whole company perspectiv e.Sam: Its actually really tough. San Francisco on the Bay Area is a very competitive place and the talent market is here, I would say, the most competitive anywhere on Earth, certainly right now. That might even flow but right now and for the perceivable future, this is a really tough place to build and sustain teams. Its obviously a very expensive place to do that. But theres a reason for that, its the innovation capital of the world and all those good things. When you scale, you probably want to have additional locations to scale into and weve been lucky in that we were Australian company initially, so we always had kind of a global view of the world. We had engineering in Central Europe from day 1; we have an operation in Russia, as well. Weve got this distributed team and that gives us some flexibility now as were getting bigger and bigger, were 160 people today and well probably grow to over 250 in the next 12 months. And so, when we look at how we scale, we look at scaling in all these locations because it makes sense. Some are higher cost, some are lower cost, some bring certain skill set, some bring other skill set, and so you want to kind of take a very global view, I think, if youre building a global company, and thats really important. But managing global teams is hard. You have to spend the time and the money, because it isnt free, to make it work. You want to have people rotating between the offices as often as it makes sense. You want to spend money on very fancy video conference systems that you see here, with multiple cameras and surround sound audio, and big presentation screens and all those things, and you want to install expensive video conferencing solution, so you can make everyone feel a bit closer together. I would say that we have not, weve not always been good or successful at that, and, so that the office were sitting in is a new expression, we recently took the rest of this floor and this is only a couple of weeks old. We made a po int with our new all-hands area, of having very expensive, wonderful video conferencing solutions in place, throughout this new space, because we want to bring those other offices closer.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: Lets talk about market development. You talked about this smart document movement. Can you a little bit elaborate the shifting from the old status to the new status and where your company would fit in all this ecosystem?Sam: Sure. Its a really topical thing for us. We spend a lot of time thinking about and with Nitro Cloud just starting to take off now, we only released it last year, in beta, and were kind of about to launch the product formally. And were super excited about that. Our basic view of the world, the easiest way to describe, is that, for the last 20 or 30 years, weve been sharing documents the same way. Particularly when it comes to what we would call heavy weight sharing. Heavy weight sharing is when youre sharing outside the four walls of your organization, t ypically, maybe internally as well. But this is sharing thats workflow driven, sharing where there are security concerns or permission concerns around what the recipients can do with that content. These are sharing scenarios where you might want to get something signed. These are sharing scenarios where you might want to have an order trail. In these scenarios, whats really interesting is that there are few companies that are sharing in what we would call the smart way, which is on smart platforms like Nitro Cloud; and there are lots of companies who are not. And what that means is that their business workflows and processes are far more inefficient than those companies that are doing it the more modern way. And so, when we look at the world, we talk about kind of the last 20 or 30 years being first generation document sharing, which is PDF, what weve done, which is great, but we actually think theres a better way to sit alongside PDF and we call that smart documents. Our first chap ter on the first generation of document sharing really was PDFs attached to emails. Youre sharing a sales proposal with a customer, you share via email. You get some feedback back, you might send that for signature, they print it out and sign it and then they scan it and then they email it back and none of this is stored in one central place, they dont have version control, its a bit of a nightmare. So, we were trying to solve that problem with Nitro Pro in one era, and now were trying to solve that with the combination of Nitro Pro and Nitro Cloud in this new era. Our view is that were still sharing documents like its 1999. If you think about it, most of us is still attaching PDFs to emails, most of the time when we do this heavy weight sharing. We want to change that and we thing that sharing documents on a smart platform like Nitro Cloud makes a lot of sense. That would include sending a document, having document analytics around when you share something, so how its viewed, what is done to the document after its been shared, the ability to turn features on and off, to lock it down, to secure content, to open back up again, all this kinds of things are possible on a smart documents platform. We think that the world is increasingly going this way, and its motivated by or driven by a number of things. Like the first, kind of obvious thing it that were now doing more and more productivity on our mobile devices and in our web browsers. So, being able to work with documents in those environments is really key. Its also really difficult to do. To make some of these formats that have huge legacies, like PDF, work in these new environments. So, we solve for that. And another reasons that its a really big deal increasingly, I think, is that people want to have access to the documents that they work on and the solutions that they might need to integrate with wherever they are. Its become more than an ecosystem world, where you cant really have just unconnected applica tions that exist in a vacuum, you have to have applications and solutions that all your employees use, that are connected to all the other systems that they use, whether its Salesforce, or Google docs, or whatever.Martin: When you started, how did you analyze the market before deciding that you want to enter it? And, if you analyzed it, how did you estimate the market size and whether it makes sense for you to enter this market?Sam: Ive got kind of two views on market sizing. I believe its either worthwhile, or I believe its a complete waste of time. In market, when youre going after unknown opportunity, it makes sense. So, when we looked at the Nitro Pro market opportunity, we looked at the size of the Acrobat market and back then, in 2004-2005 it was in the 600 million dollar a year range.Martin: Worldwide?Sam: Worldwide, correct. And we said look, thats a big market, we think we can get a chunk of it, and we were able to size it quite realistically. When it comes to our Nitro Clo ud opportunity, we believe its in the 10s of billions of dollars, and how you size it, even putting together a number of different existing markets, so forecast markets, is one way to kind of sum it up. We consider to take office productivity and then we can sort of do online collaboration, we can do enterprise content management, we can do e-signing, and kind of put them all together and come up with some total number. But, even that doesnt really do the total market opportunity justice, because what you do when you create new solutions that have no precedence, is you create new markets that are not yet being sized. So, I think if you compare our Nitro Pro and Nitro Cloud businesses, one has quite a defined, kind of billion dollar a year market opportunity today, thats about the size of the desktop PDF editing market and collaboration document sharing market today, about a billion a year, and if you look at Nitro Cloud opportunity, its actually in the 10s of billions, as a rough es timate.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS In San Francisco (CA), we meet the founder and CEO of Nitro, Sam Chandler. He shares his story how he came up with the idea and founded his company, how the current business model works, as well as Sam provides some advice for young entrepreneurs.The transcript of the interview is provided below.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in San Francisco with Nitro and Sam. Sam, who are you and what do you do?Sam: Sam Chandler, Im the founder and CEO here at Nitro.Martin: What did you do before you started this company?Sam: Before this company other companies. Ive been doing this a long time now, it feels like, 16+ years. Started my first company when I was 16 and still in high school in Tasmania, Australia, which is a long way from San Francisco, but, anyway. My second company I started in Melbourne in Australia a few years after that, when I moved from Tasmania to mainland Australia to go to University. And then we founded Nitro in 2005. My first company was a web services company, my s econd company was an email marketing startup, and here we are with a document productivity company.Martin: And what is the link between those three startups? Because most startup founders I talk to are having some kind of theme, some people like communities, some people like maybe SaaS. What is the link between your three startups?Sam: I think people would be the first one. So, I brought across from my second startup to Nitro my technical co-founder and one thing thats kind of being a constant across that company and this company is that we try and build a team that wants to work together for the long run. So, people would be the constant theme, if not the specific technology. From a technology or product point of view, the same thing about Nitro applies to our previous company, which is were trying to make it easier for businesses to do business. So, the email marketing company was all about giving much rich and more powerful email marketing tools to marketing teams, and with Nitro were trying to make it easier for businesses to work with documents.BUSINESS MODELMartin: How did you identify the problem that Nitro is trying to solve?Sam: We observed, the founding team observed in 2004 that most businesses were working with documents very inefficiently. And they werent using digital documents to their fullest potential or they werent using digital documents at all. So, big part of our mission has been helping businesses transition from paper to digital and then to transition to more and more powerful ways of working with digital, or working with electronic documents. So, when we founded Nitro in 2005, we actually started by releasing what was at the time the first alternative to Adobe Acrobat on the desktop. Today we are the leading alternative to Adobe Acrobat, nine years later. And thats a big step out from working in very inefficient paperwork flows, for example. When it comes to kind of a next generation, or the next chapter for Nitro, its actually about sm art documents in the browser or on mobile. So, were taking that original idea of trying to make businesses more productive with the things that they typically do with documents every day, and were just bringing the solution forward into a new era, one in which we work, increasingly on mobile devices and in a web browser.Martin: And can you briefly describe the process for big corporation or maybe SME, and how your product fits in into this?Sam: We have two key products. We have Nitro Pro, which is the Adobe Acrobat alternative and we have nearly 500.000 businesses worldwide running on Nitro, more than half the Fortune 500. And Nitro Pro is sold every single month into nearly 200 countries worldwide. So, Nitro Pro is a very established, mature product with significant adoption across the world in businesses of all sizes. Youll typically find Nitro Pro deployed as part of the standard operating equipment inside of a team of department or across the organization. So, we find most often that Nitro Pro is bundled with Microsoft Office, so if youre looking at what your classic knowledge worker toolkit on the desktop includes, it usually includes Microsoft Office and it should include Nitro Pro. Our second product is Nitro Cloud, which is all about document sharing and collaboration in the browser and on mobile. When you look at how Nitro Cloud is deployed, we are starting mainly with a SMB, or mid market focused with Nitro Cloud, so most of our customers have 10s or 100s of users, and theyre using Nitro Clouds for some of the things that they used to use PDF for. Instead of using Nitro Pro to stamp a signature, for example, to a PDF document, theyre actually using Nitro Cloud to initiate and capture any signing workflow. But we do more than that, we do collaboration things as well. So, when you look at the kind of the double deployment inside of lot of our customers, theyre using Nitro Pro on the desktop for all their first generation document sharing and collaborat ion needs, and then Nitro Cloud for their second generation document sharing and collaboration needs.Martin: And how do you acquire those customers? Are you only acquiring them directly or do you use some kind of distribution of partnerships? I could imagine as you said, if youve got most of the time bundling them with Microsoft products, entering into distribution partnership with Microsoft or somebody who is selling a lot of Microsoft products?Sam: We do actually do have such a partnership. We signed a deal with Lenovo a couple of years ago, and today we are pre-loaded on Lenovo machines worldwide. So, the vast majority of Lenovo machines in most of the major countries that Lenovo operates in, we are preloaded, Nitro Pro is preloaded as the default PDF solution.Martin: And Nitro Pro is for free or is it divided into free and paid version?Sam: Both. So, we have, in the case of Lenovo partnership, all Lenovo customers get a fully functional 30 day trial at Nitro Pro, after which tim e it goes to free mode. So, the free mode actually has a bunch of features, its still very useful. You can still create PDFs, you can still do basic annotations, you can still stamp a signature, many of the things that we would want to offer for free. But, once that trial period has expired, if you need features beyond what we offer for free, than you would simply upgrade and convert to a paid user.Martin: A lot of startups, from my perspective, should start partnering with distributional partners. What would be your advice for them to just find the right partners and then convince them that they should partner with you?Sam: Even though partnerships can be great, they can be hard. I think in the early days what most startups struggle with is the credibility that is required to land very big and important partnerships. If youre a startup thats six months old and, you, guys are in a room, the chances of you closing a multimillion dollar deal with a very big, Fortune 500 company or som ething like that, are very slim. If we had tried to close the deal with Lenovo many years ago we wouldnt have had a chance. I think partnerships work when youve got enough scale and credibility, enough of a reputation and brand and the market, that you can offer something very interesting to a big partner. And those kinds of big partnerships can be quite transformational. But at the same time, you want to be careful with partnerships. Its very tempting for some small companies to go out there and lend big partnerships, but you can imagine a situation where a small company lends a very big partnership and all of a sudden, that partnership becomes most of its revenue, and so the company is at risk of not having a business anymore if it loses just one partnership. So, weve been quite careful over the years. We never wanted to have really significant partnerships until we felt we were at scale, where we could take them on board and they would only represent a small percentage of our rev enue. I think the strategy, when I think about the distribution that I would recommend to most software startups its the strategy that we pursue for the last, certainly since 2008, which is freemium. I think freemium is a wonderful model, I think its applicable in all different kinds of software businesses. There are some where it doesnt work, if youre selling very high value, enterprise great solutions with very long sales cycles, and very big dollar value deals, freemium perhaps isnt the way to go. But, for everything else, for small business to the mid market, even someone in the enterprise space, freemium actually works really, really well.CORPORATE STRATEGYMartin: Sam, lets talk about corporate strategy. What has been you market entry strategy? When you launched the product, did you just offered everything for free or did you use some kind of online marketing or did you use some other platforms, or how did you get the first 50.000 downloads of your Nitro PDF?Sam: We actually st arted, for the first two years, we werent freemium. And we tried more conventional methods of advertising. We tried all the stuff that, if youve done it before, you realized that it doesnt work like traditional advertising, buying advertising, buying print, buying banners. We had some success early on with SEO, search engine optimization, so we were getting quite a bit of organic traffic just because we were the first alternative to Adobe Acrobat. So, when people searched for Adobe Acrobat alternative, they found us. We were quite strong from an organic point of view, SEO point of view, we did SEM, of course, early on. And that actually, experience with SEO really informed of few, about the value in freemium, we realized that if we can get quite a lot traffic, and therefore prospects through having the right kind of content, imagine how much more popular we could be if we gave certain features and functionality away for free. And that was a real light bulb moment for us, and we gene rated significantly more traffic under a freemium model than we were able to generate with content.Martin: You started with this kind of freemium model. How easy was it to convert those free members to paying members?Sam: You get better at that over time. I think good freemium businesses are the result of, and I say this quite a bit to our team, a thousand optimizations. Very few freemium businesses hit the market and then have conversion rates that really amaze people. You start somewhere, and then you tweak, and you tweak, and you tweak, and you tweak and eventually it looks ok. We started of being essentially exclusively an online company, where we actually got to millions of dollars in revenue, between 5 and 10 million dollars in revenue before we ever had sales people. So, we were selling entirely online, we were an e-commerce platform, and it was a very successful and actually extremely high margin way to sell, of course. It doesnt really require any human interaction. But, th ere was a limit at how big you can get, I think, with that model, in certain markets, not everywhere. Some markets can go quite big with zero touch. But we, a few years in, made the decision that we would also create an inside sales team. So, we worked very hard at optimizing the funnel, for our online customers and prospects, and when it comes to those who want a deployment of Nitro Pro or Nitro Cloud that is team sized or department sized, or wall to wall, in a company, those customers come inside sales team. So we have inside sales team here in San Francisco, we have one in Dublin, servicing European market, we have one in Australia, as well, serving Australia and New Zealand.Martin: I would assume that you would serve or sell to SMEs online and to big corporation via inside sales. Is this assumption correct or not?Sam: It is, absolutely. We sell very efficiently to SMEs, worldwide, both online and through our sales team. Clearly, for our bigger accounts thats more of a consultat ive sales process, when the deal size is, would typically be often 10 or 20 times the size of the average SME sale.Martin: You have a lot off international offices for your company and you are sitting here in San Francisco. How do you manage those teams over there? From a whole company perspective.Sam: Its actually really tough. San Francisco on the Bay Area is a very competitive place and the talent market is here, I would say, the most competitive anywhere on Earth, certainly right now. That might even flow but right now and for the perceivable future, this is a really tough place to build and sustain teams. Its obviously a very expensive place to do that. But theres a reason for that, its the innovation capital of the world and all those good things. When you scale, you probably want to have additional locations to scale into and weve been lucky in that we were Australian company initially, so we always had kind of a global view of the world. We had engineering in Central Europe from day 1; we have an operation in Russia, as well. Weve got this distributed team and that gives us some flexibility now as were getting bigger and bigger, were 160 people today and well probably grow to over 250 in the next 12 months. And so, when we look at how we scale, we look at scaling in all these locations because it makes sense. Some are higher cost, some are lower cost, some bring certain skill set, some bring other skill set, and so you want to kind of take a very global view, I think, if youre building a global company, and thats really important. But managing global teams is hard. You have to spend the time and the money, because it isnt free, to make it work. You want to have people rotating between the offices as often as it makes sense. You want to spend money on very fancy video conference systems that you see here, with multiple cameras and surround sound audio, and big presentation screens and all those things, and you want to install expensive video conferencin g solution, so you can make everyone feel a bit closer together. I would say that we have not, weve not always been good or successful at that, and, so that the office were sitting in is a new expression, we recently took the rest of this floor and this is only a couple of weeks old. We made a point with our new all-hands area, of having very expensive, wonderful video conferencing solutions in place, throughout this new space, because we want to bring those other offices closer.MARKET DEVELOPMENTMartin: Lets talk about market development. You talked about this smart document movement. Can you a little bit elaborate the shifting from the old status to the new status and where your company would fit in all this ecosystem?Sam: Sure. Its a really topical thing for us. We spend a lot of time thinking about and with Nitro Cloud just starting to take off now, we only released it last year, in beta, and were kind of about to launch the product formally. And were super excited about that. O ur basic view of the world, the easiest way to describe, is that, for the last 20 or 30 years, weve been sharing documents the same way. Particularly when it comes to what we would call heavy weight sharing. Heavy weight sharing is when youre sharing outside the four walls of your organization, typically, maybe internally as well. But this is sharing thats workflow driven, sharing where there are security concerns or permission concerns around what the recipients can do with that content. These are sharing scenarios where you might want to get something signed. These are sharing scenarios where you might want to have an order trail. In these scenarios, whats really interesting is that there are few companies that are sharing in what we would call the smart way, which is on smart platforms like Nitro Cloud; and there are lots of companies who are not. And what that means is that their business workflows and processes are far more inefficient than those companies that are doing it the more modern way. And so, when we look at the world, we talk about kind of the last 20 or 30 years being first generation document sharing, which is PDF, what weve done, which is great, but we actually think theres a better way to sit alongside PDF and we call that smart documents. Our first chapter on the first generation of document sharing really was PDFs attached to emails. Youre sharing a sales proposal with a customer, you share via email. You get some feedback back, you might send that for signature, they print it out and sign it and then they scan it and then they email it back and none of this is stored in one central place, they dont have version control, its a bit of a nightmare. So, we were trying to solve that problem with Nitro Pro in one era, and now were trying to solve that with the combination of Nitro Pro and Nitro Cloud in this new era. Our view is that were still sharing documents like its 1999. If you think about it, most of us is still attaching PDFs to emails , most of the time when we do this heavy weight sharing. We want to change that and we thing that sharing documents on a smart platform like Nitro Cloud makes a lot of sense. That would include sending a document, having document analytics around when you share something, so how its viewed, what is done to the document after its been shared, the ability to turn features on and off, to lock it down, to secure content, to open back up again, all this kinds of things are possible on a smart documents platform. We think that the world is increasingly going this way, and its motivated by or driven by a number of things. Like the first, kind of obvious thing it that were now doing more and more productivity on our mobile devices and in our web browsers. So, being able to work with documents in those environments is really key. Its also really difficult to do. To make some of these formats that have huge legacies, like PDF, work in these new environments. So, we solve for that. And another reasons that its a really big deal increasingly, I think, is that people want to have access to the documents that they work on and the solutions that they might need to integrate with wherever they are. Its become more than an ecosystem world, where you cant really have just unconnected applications that exist in a vacuum, you have to have applications and solutions that all your employees use, that are connected to all the other systems that they use, whether its Salesforce, or Google docs, or whatever.Martin: When you started, how did you analyze the market before deciding that you want to enter it? And, if you analyzed it, how did you estimate the market size and whether it makes sense for you to enter this market?Sam: Ive got kind of two views on market sizing. I believe its either worthwhile, or I believe its a complete waste of time. In market, when youre going after unknown opportunity, it makes sense. So, when we looked at the Nitro Pro market opportunity, we looked at the size of the Acrobat market and back then, in 2004-2005 it was in the 600 million dollar a year range.Martin: Worldwide?Sam: Worldwide, correct. And we said look, thats a big market, we think we can get a chunk of it, and we were able to size it quite realistically. When it comes to our Nitro Cloud opportunity, we believe its in the 10s of billions of dollars, and how you size it, even putting together a number of different existing markets, so forecast markets, is one way to kind of sum it up. We consider to take office productivity and then we can sort of do online collaboration, we can do enterprise content management, we can do e-signing, and kind of put them all together and come up with some total number. But, even that doesnt really do the total market opportunity justice, because what you do when you create new solutions that have no precedence, is you create new markets that are not yet being sized. So, I think if you compare our Nitro Pro and Nitro Cloud businesses, one ha s quite a defined, kind of billion dollar a year market opportunity today, thats about the size of the desktop PDF editing market and collaboration document sharing market today, about a billion a year, and if you look at Nitro Cloud opportunity, its actually in the 10s of billions, as a rough estimate.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURSMartin: Sam, we always try to share some knowledge and advice with our readers and you have a very interesting story to tell, also about bootstrapping and raising money, from my perspective. What type of advice can you give first time entrepreneurs for how long to bootstrap and when to make the decision to raise some external money?Sam: Its a good question, and theres no right or wrong answer. We chose to bootstrap or raise very little money for a long time. So, here we are, nine years in and profitable with 160 people, without disclosing revenue, that what people can roughly figure it out, its in the tens of millions. We got here with a total of 6.5 million of venture invested. Now, thats something that were proud of, but it is the hard way to build the business. It takes longer, its harder, you live very much on the edge, for most of that time, because the only way you can grow is with cash flow and so, every single month youre spending effectively every incremental dollar on growth. Of course, in that scenario, if you ever have a bad month or a bad quarter, than youre toast. So, the thing about bootstrapping is you have to be uber-disciplined. You just got to run a very tight ship, you got to have your hands on the controls and youve got to be watching cash, youve got to be watching the market, youve got to be very in touch with every part of the business. Because if you lose concentration for the moment, than you might lose the whole thing. I think, for us, bootstrapping was probably a good decision, given where we came from, we started the company in Melbourne, Australia, the venture capital markets down there were not very big at tha t time, theyre still not very big today, and so we didnt really had many options. We were partly forced to do it and we partly chose to do it. I think now, I cant really talk about it, but we are probably very close to having some big news around our funding situation. And our view, at this time, is different to our view nine years ago when we began, and even five years ago. And its really driven by market opportunity. I think the simplest way to consider whether or not you need venture capital is do you have a massive market opportunity right in front of you, that is at such a scale that you need a decent balance sheet to go after before that opportunity is gone. In our case, we looked at this second generation document sharing opportunity, and we think its in the 10s of billions, we think its worth potentially raising a bunch of money to go after that. And I think for most entrepreneurs there is a point at which you are thinking about raising money, and if you have enough traction to demonstrate and you can connect that with big market opportunity, I think you should seriously consider it. It will really accelerate your execution, it will enable you to hire rapidly, it will enable you to go after big market opportunities that you might have otherwise have to wait year to attack. I think for most entrepreneurs today, you compare to when we started Nitro, its a very rich capitally ecosystem. So you dont have to decide to raise a lot of money soon, thats the great thing, you can basically choose to kind of bootstrap it for 3 or 6 months and try and prove out the idea with your founding team, go and raise the small amount of seed money to give you 12 months of runway, to kind of prove out that experiments even further and maybe get them really prototyped and in the market and get some beta customers. Then, if you think youve got a big market opportunity and you think you need to move fast, I would probably recommend raising money if you can. If I was to go and d o another startup again today, I think that Ill probably follow that more traditional model, acknowledging that it is a model that has become more the norm, particularly in the last 5 or 6 years.Martin: You said that, on the one end side, you have to find a pretty big market, understood, how we can do this. On the other end side, you say if the window of opportunity is closing very soon and those market meaning that a lot of people are trying to get a chunk of this big market. How do you define that? How long the window of opportunity will be open? Theres some gut feeling, definitely, but whether its one year, or three, or five years makes total difference.Sam: I think theres a few considerations there. I think theres, in every market it comes down to having a few leading players. You can establish dominant positions in a number of different ways, and its all about your go-to market strategy, sitting alongside your product strategy. So, if youve got the best product, if youve got th e biggest brand, if youve got the best distribution strategy, those three things are really the three killer things to have. Very few businesses have all three of them. Even some leading players in categories were all familiar with may have one of two of those things, not all three. I think for entrepreneurs, you should think about your unique product differentiation, what is it about your product that is genuinely differentiated and sustainably differentiated. Whats something you think youre going to be good at for a long time. I think you need to look at the brand and try and figure out if theres a branding opportunity in that space to own, a part of a category in your buyers mind. Then, I think you can look at distribution as well, because there are a lot of companies that have got maybe one of the first two things but maybe distribution piece isnt nailed. For us, we kind of think about the market opportunity in terms of, when we look at the competitive environment, all the space s that were to or near or whatever, do we think that there are brand and product and distribution opportunities still out there for us in the next few years, and then we try and size them, even if thats just in very broad terms, even if its as broad as saying 10s of billions of dollars, and then, if we figure that we can build a competitive, sustainable differentiation, across product and brand and distribution, in the markets we want to go after, thats what were going to do.Martin: At what point in time should a startup think about creating market enter barriers?Sam: You mean market enter barriers forMartin: So that fewer competitors come to the space and they can earn more margins.Sam: I think every business is trying to do that. Like, at the end of the day, as a great new book by Peter Thiel, Im not sure if youve read it, called Zero to One, and in it he talks about kind of the inherent tension between sort of markets and capitalism. He talks about how monopolies can potentially be wonderful things, because you can throw off lots of cash and you can use that cash to innovate. The unfortunate reality is that very few companies have monopoly-like characteristics. You are kind of fighting competition all the time. I think every company should look to focus and double down on the things that are genuinely believes will make a difference. And those things do create the barriers. These days its very hard to lock out distribution, although you can try. Its very hard to have a faultless, flawless brand, but you can try. Probably the main area where you can develop true monopolistic competitive differentiation, heres couple of key areas I can think of, mainly around:Number 1 product, like if you take Google as an example, they just have fast, superior search product thing in the market. Thats why they dominate as they do.Another area of kind of key differentiation might be around distribution strategy, something that can be really contained.There are these opportuni ties for businesses as they scale, I think for most early stage businesses, the chances of you creating genuine barriers to entry early on are pretty slim. As you scale, though, probably another really key competitive advantage thats monopolistic but you can sustain is the network effect. If you can get a good network effect going than youre in really good shape.Martin: Sam, in terms of recruiting, what advice would you give a first time entrepreneur?Sam: This is probably, I think the single most important topic for entrepreneurs, and, unfortunately, its also one that cant really be tought. Its a discipline that you will have to learn your way through, because pattern recognition and learning from your mistakes only comes trough experience. So, at the end of the day, if youve interviewed thousands of people and hired 100s of thousands of people you are probably going to get more of your hires right than somebody who has hired less than that. But there are some things that you can do , irrespective of how many times youve done it before, to give you a better shot of success. My first major piece of advice would be to be extremely disciplined about your process. So, as an example, we hired, I think we hired about 60 people last year, we would have had over 6.000 applicants, I think actually it may have had been closer to 7.000 applicants at the top of that funnel to get those 60 hires. So, were hiring only 1% of the total. And we run a really rigorous process to interview every Nitronal. So, to get in the door at Nitro, is a multi-step challenging process. And I think my advice is be extremely disciplined about that, establish a process, stick to it, allow no shortcuts. The only time you ever compromise on a process, you will come to regret it, I think in every single occasion we can think of where weve elected to take a shortcut, it has come back to bite us. So, have that process, have candidates prove to you that they can do what it is youre hiring them to do. That can take many forms. It can be a paid programming exercise, if youre hiring an engineer, it could be them white boarding something, if its an executive have them do a presentation, I think thats really, really critical. Weve learnt that the hard way over the years. People can talk a good game but might not actually be able to do what they say. So, have the candidate do something is a big tip I would give. Have as many people involved in hiring process as makes sense. Empower your whole team to have a view in hiring process, in other words, even if that person is, if the candidate, for example is not on the same team as that person of whom youre asking for an opinion, that persons opinion should matter and they should know that it matters. Cultural fit is critical. I think you should be hiring people who you want to work with. We sort of call it the beer test here, as we are Australian and we like beer. And youre German so you like beer as well, so you could also have the beer t est. But basically, if somebody is the kind of guy of girl you would want to have a beer with, theyâre probably going to be a decent addition to the team. Thats assuming, of course, that they meet the criteria that youve established for the skills and experience components of the role. But we spend a lot of time and energy on making sure our process is tight, were very disciplined, we have the right hiring comities in place, we have a dedicated talent function, and its the only way that youll be able to bring great talent in the door.Once youve done all that, probably my last piece of advice would be, if youre really serious about winning in the long run, than the most important thing is the culture that will produce sustained success. So, if you take Nitro as an example, we had our first chapter, and were moving into the second chapter. We have a culture that allows us to kind of move from one thing onto the next thing, and onto the next thing, and onto the next thing. I think ev ery company should strive to have a culture that is able to evolve, as the companys needs evolve. So, creating a great place to work is really important. We are very big on what we call that Nitro culture and our values and, obviously those things up on the wall, around the office, and we really hold people to them. And if you can create environment where people will be successful, whether youre selling software or selling cars, it gives the business enormous flexibility. And I think thats our competitive differentiation. We will be successful over the next decade like weve been over the first decade if were lucky enough to be successful because this team and this culture is really strong.Martin: Great. Thank you very much, Sam, for your time. And like Sam said in this recruiting part, dont talk, just do. Now its your time to start your company. Thanks.Sam: Thank you. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-13545029299171133522020-05-21T16:58:00.001-07:002020-05-21T16:58:02.982-07:00Essay about The Poor Law Amendment Act and Tackling Poverty The Poor Law Amendment Act and Tackling Poverty The Poor Law of 1601 was the first to codify the idea of the state to provide for the welfare of its citizens. It distinguished between the deserving and the undeserving poor; relief was local and community controlled.1 The 1834 Poor Law Act Amendment Act was an amendment to the Act for the relief of The English Poor Law of 1601. The Speenhamland System The Speenhamland System first saw light of day in 1795. It was introduced by the magistrates in the Berkshire village of Speenhamland in an effort to relieve the extreme poverty, which existed and was adopted widely. It offered any one, or several forms of relief including: (a) Allowances to supplement earned wages. (b)â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It was a direct violation of the poor persons right to pursue the principle of pleasure; to exercise mans right to freedom and liberty. The Act was too narrow and far too severe in its remedies. Unlike the more humane Speenhamland System the New Poor Law was inflexible and could not adapt to differing situations. The most devastating remedy was that of the Poor Houses, which were atrocious hellholes. The Poor Law failed to represent the expectations of the poor community, when most members of the Victorian working classes were likely to be in poverty at some point in their lives. It was accepted that poverty was a natural part of the circle of their lives because of the fluctuations of the environment that had a direct effect on the majority of employment available. Prior to the New Poor Law, relief was seen as an expected right, when unemployed, to keep the able-bodied person fit and well and able to resume expected work when trade resumed. Victorian Class Structure The belief systems of the classes need to be examined to explain some of the principles behind the New Poor Law Act. The Gentry, (Upper Class) usually by right of birth, the upper crust of society owned a large proportion of the lands, held powerful positions within government and were rich. A central belief system that this is their rightful place in society, to pursue and enjoy the pleasures of life, including education and materials. ToShow MoreRelatedSocial Work And Its Impact On Society Essay1571 Words à |à 7 Pageslarge trying to manage the effects of poverty and inequality. Social work has a complex connection with charity work. Charity has been practicing provision of social welfare dating back in the ancient times. Religion played a major role in providing poor relief long before the establishment welfare systems. However social work has modern and scientific origins form the nineteenth century. Pre - Modern Social Work. Church provided social services for the poor before the Modern European states emergedRead MoreDevelopment Of Social Welfare From A Historical Perspective Essay2383 Words à |à 10 Pagesperspective. During the early nineteenth century poverty was major issue, the Poor Law passed earlier in the Tudor period put responsibility on local parishes to pay tax to help the poor. However, over the years the financial strain on parishes became too much and in 1834 The Poor Amendment Act was passed. This was to help reduce the cost of looking after the poor and it was to stop the payment of tax unless you had special circumstances. If the poor wanted help they had to go in to workhouses andRead MoreThe Main Influences Of Social Work1740 Words à |à 7 Pagessociety in the Georgian era and became one of the main influences in the development of social work (J.Harris 2008). This is due to the impact of the Industrial revolution, which led to an increasing amount of poor people in Britain. British governmentââ¬â¢s solution to this was the Poor Law Amendment Act (1834) introduced to tackle the issue of too much money going to the able-bodied unemployed. Resulting in an increased amount of people going into workhouses. The workhouse played a large role in the developmentRead MoreA Brief Note On John Snow As A Surgeon And A Doctor2308 Words à |à 10 Pagesbelieved that for social improvement they should use sciences and then was asked to serve on a royal commission to research the effectiveness of the Poor Laws in 1832. In the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 it had some work of Edwin Chadwick which he had contributed to it. Edwin Chadwick said that the main cause of poverty was the diseases and argued that if poverty rates were to be reducing it would only happen if they were able to reduce the disease rates. To reduce the disease rates government started toRead MoreWhat Are The Key Features Of The Welfare State?1814 Words à |à 8 Pagesin society and charities, to help the poorer within society through philanthropy and voluntary work and even fund projects. Over time gradual pressure grew and changes did slowly take root in government and society, such as the ââ¬ËForsterââ¬â¢ Education Act of 1870 allowed local control to help improve attendance of working class children to schools (Baldock Et Al, 2012) . This may have come about in part from a sense of religious, moral duty rather than any pressure from the state internally. But it doesRead MoreAfrican-American Segregation and Isolation2443 Words à |à 10 Pagescentury, the Blacks have struggled hard to end segregation, discrimination, isola tion to which they have been subjected in order to attain equality with the whites and enjoy civil rights. Analysis Thirteenth Amendment, Convict Leasing When Georgia ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States, African-American slaves became officially free (Flamand, 2012). During the Reconstruction period, it was not certain if slavery was permanently abolished or if some formRead MoreChild Labour9367 Words à |à 38 Pageswide range of approaches that exist at present. The final section will address the question raised at the start of this paper. II. THE MACRO CONTEXT 1. The Institutional Framework The Constitution of India provides a sound framework for tackling the issue of child labour when it states that ââ¬ËNo child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or employed in any hazardous employmentââ¬â¢ (Article 14). It further directs state policy to ensure that ââ¬Ëâ⬠¦ theRead MoreEarly Marriage9846 Words à |à 40 Pagesmarried when they are still children and as a result are denied fundamental human rights. Early marriage compromises their development and often results in early pregnancy and social isolation, with little education and poor vocational training reinforcing the gendered nature of poverty. Required to perform heavy amounts of domestic work, under pressure to demonstrate fertility, married girls and child mothers face constrained decision-making and reduced life choices. Both boys and girls are affectedRead MoreHealth Care Reform3830 Words à |à 16 Pagesenacted legislation Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Senate bill - H.R. 3590) Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (H.R. 4872) preceding legislation Social Security Amendments of 1965 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996) Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (2005) [show] More information Read MoreEssay about History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words à |à 31 PagesHistory can be found at the end. Broward 115 116 F PART 5 Bold Experiments in an Era of Industrialization, 1877ââ¬â1929 thematic timeline and Part Essay Bold Experiments in an Era of Industrialization, 1877ââ¬â1929 ECONOMY POLItICS aND LaW rEFOrM CULtUrE FOrEIGN rELatIONS 1870 Economic depression of 1870s Reconstruction ends (1877) Great Railroad National Strike of 1877 league launches professional baseball (1876) William Dean Howells calls for realism in literature (1881) edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-17854554384057543082020-05-06T23:34:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:34:37.710-07:00A Common Problem Today For Adolescent Christians - 1573 Words A common problem today for adolescent Christians is the lack of intimacy with God, and not fully experiencing Christ in their lives. The solution to this problem can be found in the spiritual disciplines. Spiritual disciplines are practices that aid in transforming believers into the image of Christ, and help them to develop a more intimate relationship with Christ. They help to bring a Christian into the presence of God, and to bring them a ââ¬Å"portion of heaven.â⬠According to Isaac Ambrose, an English Puritan minister from the seventeenth century, spiritual disciplines are the vehicles to God. He said: ââ¬Å"...the saints look upon duties (the Word, Sacraments, Prayers, etc.) as bridges to give them a passage to God, as boats to carry them into the bosom of Christ, as means to bring them into more intimate communion with their heavenly Father, and therefore are they so much taken with them (Schwanda 1).â⬠Ambrose argued that through spiritual disciplines, one could e xperience an intimate relationship with God. The spiritual disciplines are broken into three categories, inward, outward, and corporate. From these three categories, the three main focuses are meditation, service, and worship. Through the application of these three spiritual disciplines, the main goal is to enter a deeper, more intimate relation with Christ and to be shaped into the image of Christ. The first spiritual discipline is meditation. According to WordNet, ââ¬Å"meditation is the continuous and profoundShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Is A Problem Since The Beginning Of Time1633 Words à |à 7 PagesDiscrimination has been a problem since the beginning of time. Discrimination is mentioned in many pieces of classical literature such as Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Othello. In this classical play the main character Othello is never truly accepted into the Venetian society because he is a Moor from Northern Africa. His skin color caused people to view him differently and also prese nted problems when he tried to find a wife. After he eventually found and married Desdemona her father Brabantio still did not approveRead MoreSexual Identity1409 Words à |à 6 PagesPrior to taking this class, I used the legalism approach to form all my values on sexual experiences. Growing up, I was taught that sex before marriage was wrong. As I grew into a young adult, I used the situational ethics approach, and I still do today. The approach that formulates a value system based on moral law is the legalism approach (Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, 2005). However, the situational ethics approach bases decisions on the value system according to the situation at hand. PriorRead MoreCauses Of Teen Pregnancy1232 Words à |à 5 PagesAs many people know, the world is far from perfect. Every country has their share of problems that plague the citizens. There is crime and violence everywhere, although it may not always be reported. The United States is no exception to this. They are number one for many issues. Among these is the U.S. has the highest teen pregnancy rates. The causes of teen pregnancy in the United States today include substance abuse; broken homes; changes in society; and poor sexual education. For the most partRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Let s Make A Slave 1299 Words à |à 6 Pages After reading the assigned literature, I have now cast a light on several issues that are currently causing problems today. The article titled, ââ¬Å"Letââ¬â¢s Make A Slave,â⬠was depressing because it almost forced one to go back in time and feel the plight of Africans Americans before slavery was outlawed. William Lynch traveled a great ways to inform the people of the Virginia Colony about slavery and how it should truly be done. As I was reading, it seemed as though William Lynch was reading the instructionsRead MoreThe American View Of Marriage1101 Words à |à 5 Pagespartners of the same sex. Today, communication and expression of feelings are two things strongly stressed in marriages. These marital values are contrasted by seventeenth- and eighteenth-century America, when people, according to Coontz, ââ¬Å"wanted a mate who did not pry too deeply under the surfaceà ¢â¬ (478). People during this time period wanted fairness, kindliness, and good temper with their partner. They did not want a completely open and deep relationship that people of today expect and need to feelRead MoreEssay Truth about Teen Pregnancy1285 Words à |à 6 Pages 1. Although the rate of teen pregnancy in the United States has declined greatly within the past few years it is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. These rates are still higher in 1993 then they were in 1963. In 1963, the case of Abington vs. Schempp, the United States Supreme Court banned school prayer and bible reading in school. Since then our nation has experienced increasing pregnancy rates. (Bennett, 1). 2. Birth rates for unwed girls from the ages 15-19 have nowRead MoreThe Problem of Teen Pregnancy1335 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Problem of Teen Pregnancy Red and blue lights are flashing and the noise of the ambulance impels everyone to a point where they have to look outside and observe the situation, as if a mystical force was compelling them. From what they can see, the paramedic is holding a tiny hand telling her to hold on. As the stretcher rolls by, the onlookers notice a huge lump, or ball as a few may say, under the pallid cotton covers. What they also take note of is that the pregnant woman is not a woman atRead MoreEssay on The Problem of Teen Pregnancy1594 Words à |à 7 Pages The Problem of Teen Pregnancy Red and blue lights are flashing and the noise of the ambulance impels everyone to a point where they have to look outside and observe the situation, as if a mystical force was compelling them. From what they can see, the paramedic is holding a tiny hand telling her to hold on. As the stretcher rolls by, the onlookers notice aRead MoreMarriage is a Committment to Your Spouse740 Words à |à 3 Pagestogether, the husband and the wife vow to each other till death do us partâ⬠(Kostenberger 5). This view of marriage has changed over the years- husbandââ¬â¢s and wifeââ¬â¢s roles, the reasons for marriage, and the amount of marriages and divorces. Today, marriage is often viewed as something that is part of a societys expected behaviors and beliefs. That it can be entered into and walked out of by the wedded partners at any time that they desire. So long as a given marriage relationship meets theRead MoreAdolescent Behaviors and the Challenges in Society Today2825 Words à |à 12 PagesAdolescent Behaviors and the Challenges in Society Today Donna M. Hufnagle Liberty University 8/ /2012 Abstract Increased awareness needs to be established so that adults can be aware of adolescent behaviors and challenges in our society today. Some issues as simple as adolescents are being ostracized because of obesity, mothers work schedule causing risky behaviors, children being raised by depressed mothers, parent stress causing adolescents not to have good self-concept, and edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-10475490478020997822020-05-06T08:16:00.003-07:002020-05-06T08:16:05.997-07:00Resort World Sentosa Free Essays Resorts World Sentosa Private Limited is the leisure and gaming company that owns and operates Singaporeââ¬â¢s biggest Integrated Resort, a 49-hectare development called Resorts World Sentosa. The mega resort is located on Singaporeââ¬â¢s holiday island of Sentosa. The S$6. We will write a custom essay sample on Resort World Sentosa or any similar topic only for you Order Now 59 billion must-see destination welcomed its first visitors at its soft opening in early 2010. Resorts World Sentosa started operations with the four hotels in January, the Resorts World Casino in February andà Universal Studios Singaporeà ® family theme park in March, along withà MICE facilities that include one of Asiaââ¬â¢s largest Grand Ballrooms. It offers a wide range of entertainment and shows, as well as celebrity chef restaurants, brand-name boutiques and a half-kilometer long shopping and dining Strip named FestiveWalk. Two more hotels, the Marine Life Park and the Maritime Experiential Museum will be added in subsequent phases of the resortââ¬â¢s growth. Resorts World Sentosa is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Genting Singapore Public Limited Company (PLC), a leisure and gaming company listed on the mainboard of the Singapore Exchange. Genting Singapore PLC is part of the Genting Group that is listed in Malaysia. Dining can be a fun experience at Universal Studios Singapore. For some classic American fare, grab a gourmet sandwich at Celebrity Cafe and Bakery or sink your teeth into savory cheese burgers at Melââ¬â¢s Drive-In. You might just be entertained by dancing and singing servers. Craving for some oriental flavour? Taste authentic Cantonese cuisine at Hollywood China Bistro or go for South East Asian favourites like noodles and curries at Casa Del Wild. Be it fine-dining or a quick casual lunch youââ¬â¢re after, itââ¬â¢ll be full-filling and fabulous! 3. 2. Service Quality This problem may occur every time even from professional staff, especially, untrained or unqualified staff. For example, when guests want to know some products such as wine list details, they can ask every staff, current F;amp;B staff, rotated staff, or casual staff, because they assume all staff are trained with basic of service knowledge. If a staff gives haphazard information, they will not judge only the staff but also the hotel. 3. 2. 2 Negative brand image When guests are unhappy with poor service, they love to complain to the staff. Dissatisfied guest may never return to use your service again because they do not believe that the service is not worth for their expense. Moreover, dissatisfied guests often tell about bad experience to their friends. This is call negative word of mouth. Negative word of mouth is the most powerful to make the business goes down because people like to ask other people for recommendation ; furthermore, it is the easiest way to find in internet. Most people love to know the bad experience more than good one. So the brand image is used very long time for recovery 1. Personal Benefits ;amp; experiences Having internship in Universal Studio Singapore was a great opportunity for me. In there, I worked in fine dining restaurant for 3 months, another 3 months was fast food restaurant. Honestly, I have gained many experiences from them. In fine dining restaurant KTââ¬â¢s Grill and fast food restaurant Celebrity Cafe ;amp;Bakery are totally different, no matter atmosphere, service standard. Western outlet it focuses on the service quality and cafe more concentrate at the service efficiency. So the internship not only shows me that what theoretical knowledge I have to study or learn more but also shows me as the career pathway. Additionally the wok experience will also help build an excellent resume (including relevant work experience) for when Iââ¬â¢m out of the classroom and getting a job. 1. 1 F;amp;B operating knowledge Six months working experiences in 2 restaurant, gives me a better understanding about the nature of F;amp;B industry. In western restaurant KTââ¬â¢s Grill, the most important part is the table service ââ¬Å"Table Serviceâ⬠is a restaurant industry term that can mean either the presentation of food to patrons by waiters, or the place settings present on each table. Restaurants without either are usually referred to as ââ¬Å"counter serviceâ⬠establishments. Most fast-food chains fall within this category, as patrons must place their orders, collect their food, and pick up any needed utensils at a centrally located counter, just like my second outlet, celebrity cafe. Table service establishments are usually more expensive, but more work is involved on the restaurantââ¬â¢s part both to set and clear tables and to present food to order. When taken to mean place settings, service typically consists of utensils, a napkin, and a water glass or goblet. After customers order food, a filled dish is added to complete the place setting. Depending on the type of meal typically served, much more may also be included. Traditional Western table service has several types and sizes of spoons, forks, and knives. Larger spoons are for soup, while smaller ones are used for eating dessert or stirring coffee. All place settings have a standard-sized dinner fork, while smaller forks are used for salad and dessert. Steak knives as well as duller, butter-type knives for bread may also be included. Talking about the table delivery, it can create challenges. It is not always easy for me to hold a food and drink-packed tray upright while weaving through dining tables and watching out for other guests at first. Waiters must often spend a lot of time practicing in order to ensure flawless delivery. Many restaurants spend a great deal of time thinking about the message their table service sends. Preparing dishes directly in front of the customer typically takes more time per dish, and is costly in terms of staff attention. If it helps promote a certain ambiance, however, it is usually worth it. Like our restaurant, it is an open kitchen which the guests can see the process how the chef cooking the food. The same is true with staff appearance. Servers who are dressed well, in formal wear, female staff wear white blouse and black skirt, and male staff wear black pant. It often projects a certain image that is lost when they come to the table in jeans. Usually, restaurants design all aspects of their table service to reflect the sort of ambiance they want to create. Fine dining restaurant may have well worn cutlery as its table service, while expensive eateries tend to have more elegant tableware. The decor in restaurants is also crucial as patrons are often eating not just for the food, but also for the overall experience. Everything from the quality and color of the tablecloth to the presence of flowers and overall durability of flatware and goblets plays a part in projecting the image and feel of the establishment. When comes to the menu, it is difficult for us to understand the English menu, because not familiar with the name of food, especially in English version, like striplion, banger;amp;mash, and some desserts as well. Moreover, we have to know what kind of sauce in it, the ingredientsâ⬠¦ It is a huge challenge for me at first, I have to go through the menu everyday, this practice slowly established a basic knowledge in my mind about the food and beverage that we usually served. And after a week, I can take order everyday, which quickly deepen my understanding all the items in the menu. We must be knowledgeable about the food and beverage so that we will able to answer and handle any question or problems the guest may have. While after I transfer to Celebrity Cafe, 1. 2 Service Sequence Seat the guest ;amp; pass them the menu ;amp;unfold the napkin for them -After order, offer the bread before Appetizer? -Sever the appetizer first ââ¬â When theoretical experience meets real work experience, it shows many benefits between a management trainee who has knowledge and staff who has work experience and knowledge. The benefits can be knowledge sharing because the trainee will use his/her knowledge to solve the problem, on the other hand, the staff will use his/her experience. For other benefits, the trainee can be realized that the selected position or department is suitable for them for choosing career pathway in the future. How to cite Resort World Sentosa, Papers edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-52958204588508664792020-05-06T08:16:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:16:05.265-07:00Resort World Sentosa Free Essays Resorts World Sentosa Private Limited is the leisure and gaming company that owns and operates Singaporeââ¬â¢s biggest Integrated Resort, a 49-hectare development called Resorts World Sentosa. The mega resort is located on Singaporeââ¬â¢s holiday island of Sentosa. The S$6. We will write a custom essay sample on Resort World Sentosa or any similar topic only for you Order Now 59 billion must-see destination welcomed its first visitors at its soft opening in early 2010. Resorts World Sentosa started operations with the four hotels in January, the Resorts World Casino in February andà Universal Studios Singaporeà ® family theme park in March, along withà MICE facilities that include one of Asiaââ¬â¢s largest Grand Ballrooms. It offers a wide range of entertainment and shows, as well as celebrity chef restaurants, brand-name boutiques and a half-kilometer long shopping and dining Strip named FestiveWalk. Two more hotels, the Marine Life Park and the Maritime Experiential Museum will be added in subsequent phases of the resortââ¬â¢s growth. Resorts World Sentosa is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Genting Singapore Public Limited Company (PLC), a leisure and gaming company listed on the mainboard of the Singapore Exchange. Genting Singapore PLC is part of the Genting Group that is listed in Malaysia. Dining can be a fun experience at Universal Studios Singapore. For some classic American fare, grab a gourmet sandwich at Celebrity Cafe and Bakery or sink your teeth into savory cheese burgers at Melââ¬â¢s Drive-In. You might just be entertained by dancing and singing servers. Craving for some oriental flavour? Taste authentic Cantonese cuisine at Hollywood China Bistro or go for South East Asian favourites like noodles and curries at Casa Del Wild. Be it fine-dining or a quick casual lunch youââ¬â¢re after, itââ¬â¢ll be full-filling and fabulous! 3. 2. Service Quality This problem may occur every time even from professional staff, especially, untrained or unqualified staff. For example, when guests want to know some products such as wine list details, they can ask every staff, current F;amp;B staff, rotated staff, or casual staff, because they assume all staff are trained with basic of service knowledge. If a staff gives haphazard information, they will not judge only the staff but also the hotel. 3. 2. 2 Negative brand image When guests are unhappy with poor service, they love to complain to the staff. Dissatisfied guest may never return to use your service again because they do not believe that the service is not worth for their expense. Moreover, dissatisfied guests often tell about bad experience to their friends. This is call negative word of mouth. Negative word of mouth is the most powerful to make the business goes down because people like to ask other people for recommendation ; furthermore, it is the easiest way to find in internet. Most people love to know the bad experience more than good one. So the brand image is used very long time for recovery 1. Personal Benefits ;amp; experiences Having internship in Universal Studio Singapore was a great opportunity for me. In there, I worked in fine dining restaurant for 3 months, another 3 months was fast food restaurant. Honestly, I have gained many experiences from them. In fine dining restaurant KTââ¬â¢s Grill and fast food restaurant Celebrity Cafe ;amp;Bakery are totally different, no matter atmosphere, service standard. Western outlet it focuses on the service quality and cafe more concentrate at the service efficiency. So the internship not only shows me that what theoretical knowledge I have to study or learn more but also shows me as the career pathway. Additionally the wok experience will also help build an excellent resume (including relevant work experience) for when Iââ¬â¢m out of the classroom and getting a job. 1. 1 F;amp;B operating knowledge Six months working experiences in 2 restaurant, gives me a better understanding about the nature of F;amp;B industry. In western restaurant KTââ¬â¢s Grill, the most important part is the table service ââ¬Å"Table Serviceâ⬠is a restaurant industry term that can mean either the presentation of food to patrons by waiters, or the place settings present on each table. Restaurants without either are usually referred to as ââ¬Å"counter serviceâ⬠establishments. Most fast-food chains fall within this category, as patrons must place their orders, collect their food, and pick up any needed utensils at a centrally located counter, just like my second outlet, celebrity cafe. Table service establishments are usually more expensive, but more work is involved on the restaurantââ¬â¢s part both to set and clear tables and to present food to order. When taken to mean place settings, service typically consists of utensils, a napkin, and a water glass or goblet. After customers order food, a filled dish is added to complete the place setting. Depending on the type of meal typically served, much more may also be included. Traditional Western table service has several types and sizes of spoons, forks, and knives. Larger spoons are for soup, while smaller ones are used for eating dessert or stirring coffee. All place settings have a standard-sized dinner fork, while smaller forks are used for salad and dessert. Steak knives as well as duller, butter-type knives for bread may also be included. Talking about the table delivery, it can create challenges. It is not always easy for me to hold a food and drink-packed tray upright while weaving through dining tables and watching out for other guests at first. Waiters must often spend a lot of time practicing in order to ensure flawless delivery. Many restaurants spend a great deal of time thinking about the message their table service sends. Preparing dishes directly in front of the customer typically takes more time per dish, and is costly in terms of staff attention. If it helps promote a certain ambiance, however, it is usually worth it. Like our restaurant, it is an open kitchen which the guests can see the process how the chef cooking the food. The same is true with staff appearance. Servers who are dressed well, in formal wear, female staff wear white blouse and black skirt, and male staff wear black pant. It often projects a certain image that is lost when they come to the table in jeans. Usually, restaurants design all aspects of their table service to reflect the sort of ambiance they want to create. Fine dining restaurant may have well worn cutlery as its table service, while expensive eateries tend to have more elegant tableware. The decor in restaurants is also crucial as patrons are often eating not just for the food, but also for the overall experience. Everything from the quality and color of the tablecloth to the presence of flowers and overall durability of flatware and goblets plays a part in projecting the image and feel of the establishment. When comes to the menu, it is difficult for us to understand the English menu, because not familiar with the name of food, especially in English version, like striplion, banger;amp;mash, and some desserts as well. Moreover, we have to know what kind of sauce in it, the ingredientsâ⬠¦ It is a huge challenge for me at first, I have to go through the menu everyday, this practice slowly established a basic knowledge in my mind about the food and beverage that we usually served. And after a week, I can take order everyday, which quickly deepen my understanding all the items in the menu. We must be knowledgeable about the food and beverage so that we will able to answer and handle any question or problems the guest may have. While after I transfer to Celebrity Cafe, 1. 2 Service Sequence Seat the guest ;amp; pass them the menu ;amp;unfold the napkin for them -After order, offer the bread before Appetizer? -Sever the appetizer first ââ¬â When theoretical experience meets real work experience, it shows many benefits between a management trainee who has knowledge and staff who has work experience and knowledge. The benefits can be knowledge sharing because the trainee will use his/her knowledge to solve the problem, on the other hand, the staff will use his/her experience. For other benefits, the trainee can be realized that the selected position or department is suitable for them for choosing career pathway in the future. How to cite Resort World Sentosa, Papers edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-41126715037979965602020-04-25T17:26:00.001-07:002020-04-25T17:26:02.213-07:00Responding to Behaviorism In his article ââ¬Å"The Nature of Mindâ⬠David Armstrong starts out with showing that Behaviorism is an implausible account of the nature of mind. In his account of Behaviorism the behavior and the mind are one and causally inseparable (Armstrong 297). The mind and behavior are identical so the mind is not merely the cause of behavior but rather it is the behavior. To be more specific, Armstrong posits that Behaviorists regard the mind to be an array of behavior; one cannot speak of a mind in the absence of behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Responding to Behaviorism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main objection that Armstrong has to the Behavioristsââ¬â¢ account of mind is that there can exist and there actually exists thought without behavior (Armstrong 298); behavior is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for thought or the mind. Ryle attempts to address this objection by brin ging in the notion of a disposition to behave i.e. a latent state that will cause behavior once the right conditions and circumstances are met. The concept of disposition to behave, however, fails to address the problem with the Behavioristsââ¬â¢ account of the mind as the dispositions are merely analyses of mental states into conditional statements of what oneââ¬â¢s behavior would be under the right circumstances. Behaviorism is a reductionist view of the mental process as it views all mental processes as equivalent to behavior yet there are mental processes that cannot be explained from the perspective of the Behaviorists e.g. the taste of chocolate. Such a rudimentary mental process cannot be conveyed using the Behavioristsââ¬â¢ account of a mental process yet it is a legitimate mental process (Block 262). This inability to explain simple and irreducible mental processes is a major weakness of the Behavioristsââ¬â¢ account of the mind. The other major weakness of Beha viorism is its failure to account for consciousness. Behaviorism relies on an expressed or outward account of mental processes and as such fails to give an accurate deduction of the mind (Fodor 56). Introspection and self-awareness are examples of mental processes which are essential to human beings that cannot be accounted for using Behaviorism as there is no possible way to translate the two into behavior or dispositions to behave. Given these shortcomings, Behaviorism is a weak and objectionable account of the mind.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Armstrong, Martin. A Materialist Theory of the Mind. London: Routledge, 1968. Print. Block, Ned. Are Absent Qualia Impossible? The Philosophical Review, 89 (1980): 257 -274. Fodor, Jerry. The Mind Doesnââ¬â¢t Work that Way. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. Print. This essay on Responding to Behaviorism was written and submitted by user Emilio Mathis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-62535532771430370272020-03-18T09:47:00.001-07:002020-03-18T09:47:02.779-07:00Slow Food Movement Essay EssaysSlow Food Movement Essay Essays Slow Food Movement Essay Paper Slow Food Movement Essay Paper Fast food and slow food both play an important role in the lives of many people and it has an immense impact on world resource sharing. Both the fast food industry and slow food movement have major implications in relation to food production, food distribution, environmental impact, economic impact and social impact.à The idea of taverns and coffee houses were popular for social gatherings and sharing of beverages in the 17th century, however the industry of eating outside of home did not launch into the Western Society until the late 18th Century. The idea of eating outside of home was the beginning of the fast food industry, which refers to meals or foods which are readily available and can be prepared and served very quickly. These are generally packaged foods and involve businesses where food is eaten on the premises where there are no waiters or waitresses. For example, McDonalds, KFC, Wendys or Fish and Chip shops. Fast foods are generally foods which are not prepared by the consumer; however the consumers may complete the cooking process by heating it up. Consumers, shareholders and other stakeholders are beginning to look at the fast food industry and increase their demand for enhanced accountability of food production. As a result of this, fast food companies have been using cash crops. Cash crops reduce the land which the native people of the country can use for their personal benefit, through exploitation and reduction of food production. For example, McDonalds may want a poor country to grow lettuce for them, rather than growing their original rice crops. The problem with the lettuce is that it does not feed the farmers families as it is going to McDonalds and the amount of land used to produce 1 tonne of lettuce could produce 2 tonnes of rice. The foods which are grown arent necessarily suited for the area for the soil type and yields arent necessarily as high compared to the original crops. McDonalds may offer higher profits in money; however the farmer cannot feed a family with lettuce as they can with rice. Once the food is produced, the distribution begins to raise complications. In the fast food industry, the food often has to travel some distance before it reaches the fast food industry. This will use up more fuel, energy for travel and use refrigeration and other methods of ensuring food is at its best quality. Although attempts are made, the nutritional content of the food is lower due to the transportation. The distribution of food includes food miles which in turn increases pollution which goes into the atmosphere and damages the environment. There is also wastage due to the packaging, damaged and uneaten foods due to transportation methods. There is also wastage through other methods which are harmful to the environment. A major cause of deforestation in the Southern U.S. is the fast food industry as paper is consumed and wasted through packaging (For example, KFC uses paper boxes to contain food). Due to reasons like this, the fast food industry is increasing in its demand for environmental sustainability, the ability to maintain the qualities that are valued in the physical environment. As environmental sustainability is desired, hints have shown that the fast food industry is attempting to account for the desire of people for healthier choices and greener products. Although people purchase healthy options, many wonder whether the fast food chains are doing enough to protect the env ironment. The large affect of the fast food industry on the environment is summarised by Prince Charles through, Fast food may appear to be cheap food and, in the literal sense it often is, but that is because huge social and environmental costs are being excluded from the calculations. Any analysis of the real cost would have to look at such things as the rise in food-borne illnesses, the advent of new pathogens, such as E.coli 0157, antibiotic resistance from the overuse of drugs in animal feed, extensive water pollution from intensive agricultural systems and many other factors. These costs are not reflected in the price of fast food. As the economy declines, the fast food industry continues to grow. Due to the economic downfall, people are choosing to go to fast food restaurants rather than going to more expensive options. This in turn results in the growth in the industry and provides many job opportunities. Economic impact is estimated to increase, however there are also challenges due to the increased food prices. In the year ahead, the industrys sales are projected to continue to increase, with a total economic impact that exceeds $1.5 trillion, yet at the same time, the industry is experiencing unprecedented challenges due to the economic recession and elevated food prices. (Dawn Sweeney, National Restaurant Association president and CEO). The transportation of the fast food also impacts the economy and adds to the concern of elevated food prices, as shipping foods is significantly more costly than locally grown produce. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-88260358968289893092020-03-02T01:33:00.001-08:002020-03-02T01:33:02.518-08:00Lifeboat Ethics Essay SampleLifeboat Ethics Essay Sample Lifeboat Ethics Essay When we say lifeboat, this is pertaining to a metaphor that is focused on the significance of providing a humanitarian way of helping other individuals. This is an ethical situation of saving other individuals whenever they need something significant to improve their lifestyle. The ethical issue of lifeboat is focused on providing sustainability for the marginalized sectors of the population. These are the minorities who have scarce or no resources in order to sustain their longevity or productivity in the society. Lifeboat pertains to the growing problems of poverty in our society, which means that government institutions are stepping up to prevent people from migrating to other countries that are undocumented. This is because it could risk their lives by being exposed to criminal and terrorist elements of the society. Lifeboat is referred to a situation wherein there is an inevitable amount of population experiencing the cruelest way of living their life to the fullest terms. The reason behind is that they are unable to secure a life that should have been an important factor of being productive. The ethical norm in this situation is halted because they were not given proper social welfare sustainability by the local government unit. One major issue is a financial status of the country wherein it is brought about by low economic development. The economic integrity of a nation has been essentially hampering minority groups to receive the rightful care in order to survive. This means that minority groups were ethically deprived because there is a lesser amount of subsidies provided by the local government unit as a way to promote their welfare and integrity as a member of the population. There are scenarios wherein lifeboat ethics has been tarnished by several government institutions. One example is the transcontinental migration of Africans to flee from their violent community towards Europe. Similarly with the Latin American migrants that are moving from their violent and corrupt societies from South and Central America towards the United States to pursue a better lifestyle. Affected members of the population have one major goal, which is to seek a better life as well as to have a greener pasture. Some Asian countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia are also seeking asylum after arriving in Australia from their countries to have a better future to a land that is peaceful without any risk of being harmed. The problem with these migrants is the threat of terrorism because there are other members of the terrorist organizations that are posing as migrants to reach their target countries and then will start terrorist campaigns. The ethical dilemma of lifeboat circumstances is the ability of the law enforcement agencies to produce abusive practices towards the migrants that best represents a lifeboat ethics. The reason behind is that some migrants were thought to be members of a criminal organization or terrorist group basing their tattoos or the Islamic names that could pose a risk to the security of the society. Physical abuse, torture, illegal detention, and executions of presumed terrorist or members of criminal organizations were usually being applied by government forces in the United States, European Union, and Australia. As a result, human rights were violated as a result of these abusive practices that have led to public scandal due to an inhuman practice towards undocumented immigrants (Doleac Stein, 2013). Reference Doleac, Jennifer L. Stein, Luke C.D. (2013).à The Visible Hand: Race and Online Market Outcomes.à The Economic Journal.à 123à (572): F469ââ¬âF492. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-22756857745392574132020-02-14T16:58:00.001-08:002020-02-14T16:58:02.359-08:00E-Learning Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsE-Learning - Thesis Example Based on the overall finding of the research, it has been ascertained that continuous advancement in technologies imposed considerable impact over the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia especially in the circumstance of e-learning. The study further revealed that administrative, personal, technical and financial aspects mainly prevent e-learning success in primary public schools within the nation. Based on this fact, in this research study, the above discussed four aspects were considered as independent variables and e-learning success to be the dependant variable. Moreover, it was found that the average numerical value in terms of mean of responses of the teachers in technical barriers was recorded at 4.1996, administrative barriers with 4.2206, financial barriers around 4.2479 and personal barriers with 3.6811. Furthermore, the findings also indicated that administrative barriers have high effect in the succession of e-learning, as reflected by the value of coefficient. Nevertheless, the findings depicted the important fact that in order to attain greater success in the context of e-learning approach in Saudi Arabia, the teacher and the students must remain highly concerned about mitigating the above identified barriers in an effective manner. E-learning refers to the form of learning approach or its related activities, which involves the transmission of information with the use of internet. The e-learning approach has wider applicability from the studentsââ¬â¢ learning viewpoint, as a form of gaining new learning experiences. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-793113359063938192020-02-01T22:49:00.001-08:002020-02-01T22:49:02.534-08:00Included in the description Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsIncluded in the description - Research Proposal Example conflict is the family-to-work conflict where a person is not able to fulfill his work responsibilities due to family demands (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). However, in todayââ¬â¢s competitive and fast paced world, the most dominant and common type of work-family conflict that is found in peopleââ¬â¢s life is the ââ¬Ëwork-to-familyââ¬â¢ conflict. However, the aspect of work life that is playing a major role in causing work-family conflict is the ââ¬Å"long work hoursâ⬠. Long work hours are not only disrupting the fulfillment of family responsibilities, but are also posing a strong threat to the unity, bonding and peace between the family members by causing lack of family time, dissatisfaction in need fulfillment, emotional distress and poor role performance by working adults (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). To resolve the work-family conflict, it is highly important to understand how ââ¬Å"long work hoursâ⬠have become a major threat to the peace of the soci ety by affecting the family lives of professionals. Hence, the purpose of this research is to study and review the literature in the field of family psychology, industrial/organizational psychology and occupational psychology to explore the ways in which ââ¬Å"long work hoursâ⬠destroy the marriage lives and the family lives of the adults who work. The first and major types of work demands that causes the work-family conflict are the time based work demands (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). Working on weekends, night shifts and non-standard work schedules are the different time based demands that disrupt the family routines and family roles of the adults who work (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). However, the type of time based work demand that proves most hazardous to the family life of a person is the ââ¬Å"long work hoursâ⬠. ââ¬Å"Long work hoursâ⬠have various negative effects on the life of a person who works and hence, harms the peace of the family in many ways. This research is intended to find out in what ways do long edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-43890810399490928112020-01-24T19:13:00.001-08:002020-01-24T19:13:02.334-08:00Gone With The Wind Essay -- Summary Book Review EssaysGone With the Wind The novel being summarized is titled Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Mitchell. It was published in 1936, after it took her seven years to write, and won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Gone with the Wind was the only book Ms. Mitchell wrote and is an American Classic. Gone with the Wind was a story of men and women living in the south during the war between the states and of the southââ¬â¢s transformation after the war. The novel began in about 1861 at Tara and Twelve Oaks, two southern plantations in Georgia. We were given a glance of the hospitality and generosity of plantation life. When the men went off to war, the women moved to Atlanta. While in Atlanta, they worked as nurses as they awaited the return of their men. Shermanââ¬â¢s troops marched in and burned Atlanta, so the women were forced to leave. They returned to Tara, where we observed the destruction and desolation of the land. After the war, the story shifted back and forth between Atlanta and Tara. We experienc ed the struggles to save Tara, rebuild Atlanta, and the effects of the carpetbaggers. The story continued until about 1871 as the main characters began to regain the security and grace of the days before the war. There were four main characters in the story. They were Scarlett Oââ¬â¢Hara, Ashley Wilkes, Melanie Hamilton-Wilkes, and Rhett Butler. Scarlett, Ashley, and Melanie were raised together, and Rhett Butler was an outsider who came from Charleston. Scarlett was the daughter of a wealt... edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-56572662216893966922020-01-16T15:37:00.001-08:002020-01-16T15:37:03.424-08:00Prescription Drug AbuseIntroduction.When we think of drug nuts and maltreatment we usually think of people who take the common street drugs such as cocaine, cleft, heroine, or other illegal drugs. However most people do n't recognize or take earnestly the turning figure of maltreaters of prescription drugs presently in our state. There is a common misconception that merely because a physician prescribes a certain drug that that is someway safer and different than utilizing the alleged street drugs. After all, you are being given a prescription to take the drug by your doctor, and it is non illegal or a offense. However, we must recognize that dependence is n't limited to merely illicit drugs on the street, but frequently doctor prescribed medicines as good. Prescription drugs have improved and saved infinite Numberss of lives over the old ages as many new discoveries have been achieved in scientific discipline and medical specialty in handling a assortment of known diseases. ââ¬Å"However, utilizing these drugs without the supervising of a doctor or for intents different from their intended usage can take to serious inauspicious effects, including decease from overdose and physical dependence. Because many prescription drugs are frequently opiate based, when abused, these drugs can be as habit-forming and unsafe as illegal drugs.â⬠1 ) ( Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to ( M.D, Volkow, 2005 ) , manager at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2 ) ââ¬Å"an estimated 48 million people ( ages 12 and older ) , have used prescription drugs for non-medical grounds, which represents about 20 per centum of the U.S. population.â⬠Additionally, 3 ) ââ¬Å"in 2000, approximately 43 per centum of infirmary exigency admittances for drug overdoses ( about 500,000 people ) happened because of misused prescription drugs, and in ââ¬Å"2006 entirely, 700,000 exigency room visits were attributed to prescription drug overdoses.â⬠4 ) ( Thibodeau, 2009 ) . This type of drug maltreatment is increasing at an dismaying rate because of their widespread handiness, including online pharmaceuticss which have made it much easier for anyone regardless of age to get drugs without a prescription. ( Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs, 2009 ) . 3 ) ââ¬Å"One of the most common and primary methods of obtaining prescription drugs by nuts is by physician shopping harmonizing to the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) .â⬠5 ) This method refers to a individual who continually searches out different physicians to order the same medicines in order to feed their dependences. I think most of us either know or have known persons or even household members who have resorted to this type of behaviour in order to acquire prescription drugs for this intent. The most common types of drugs that are frequently abused are cardinal nervous system sedatives such as benzodiazepines or tranquillizers, often prescribed for anxiousness and kiping upsets, opioids and narcotics for hurting alleviation, and stimulations such as those given for attending shortage hyperactivity upset, ( ADHD ) , narcolepsy, and fleshiness. 6 ) ( Prescription Drug Abuse Chart ââ¬â Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics ââ¬â NIDA, 2009 ) ââ¬Å"For illustration, U.S. prescriptions for stimulations ( including those taken for ADHD ) increased from around 5 million in 1991 to about 35 million in 2007. Prescriptions for opioid analgesics such as oxycodone ( OxyContin ) and hydrocodone ( Vicodin ) increased from 40 million in 1991 to 180 million in 2007.â⬠7 ) ( Mayo Clinic, 2008 ) . I feel the grounds for this important addition in prescription drug maltreatment is simple. We live in a society today that tells you a pill can bring around and work out all of your jobs no affair what they are. All we have to make is turn on the telecasting and see the changeless barrage of advertizements for the latest prescription drugs on the market. As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry is doing one million millions of dollars off of people and is surely non traveling to kick, therefore encouraging and driving the epidemic even more. Furthermore, these drugs are comparatively easy to obtain and are socially acceptable by the huge bulk of the public compared to illegal drugs. In merely the past several old ages, we have seen the outgrowth and proliferation of many ââ¬Å"pain clinicsâ⬠throughout the United States. Although non all are bad, some of these installations as stated by 8 ) ( Silverman & A ; Brown, MD, 2009 ) , ââ¬Å"are frequently non-physician owned and run merely inside the jurisprudence. The doctors who pattern in these installations are seldom accredited through board enfranchisement processes, and many take no insurance and publicize confidential, hard currency merely services. Some even advertise armed guards in the waiting suites. With no inadvertence, these installations serve as a beginning for a uninterrupted supply of controlled substances to frequently times addicted and sometimes naAA?ve people. It is non uncommon to happen patients of these installations having 10s of 1000s of mgs of opioid medicines each month.â⬠With these types of plans and clinics runing and promoting such drug maltreatment, I feel that the people who truly necessitate these medicines are frequently the 1s who suffer, such as persons with painful terminal diseases and unwellnesss like malignant neoplastic disease. I experienced this first-hand with my mother several old ages ago when she was diagnosed with terminal lung malignant neoplastic disease that had metastasized to her castanetss, and impotently watched her suffer from hurting. While she was undergoing radiation interventions at a malignant neoplastic disease clinic, her physician at that place stated that she should utilize Advil to assist with her hurting and that the authorities was checking down on agenda drugs that were prescribed. My response to this is, if malignant neoplastic disease patients ca n't acquire the necessary hurting medicines they urgently need, yet nuts can acquire all they want, so there is something really incorrect with this state we live i n and our wellness attention system.Decision.What is of import to acknowledge and go cognizant of about prescription drug maltreatment is that it is much the same as other signifiers of illegal drug maltreatment such as cocaine or diacetylmorphine, and no 1 is immune. It can be merely as unsafe and lifelessly as other illicit drugs, and affects persons of all ages, races, gender, and socio-economic backgrounds. It can besides destruct households, occupations, and places every bit good as holding fatal wellness effects. In fact, usage of prescription drugs now causes more deceases than diacetylmorphine and cocaine combined, harmonizing to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.â⬠9 ) ( Treatment Solutions Network, 2009 ) . Furthermore, with the recent tragic and ill-timed deceases of famous persons such as Michael Jackson, Anna Nicole Smith, and Heath Ledger related to prescription drug maltreatment, I feel this job is eventually being brought to the head and exposed, conveying a much needed consciousness to the dangers and effects of mistreating prescription drugs.Mentions:1 ) Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse. ( n.d. ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patmoorefoundation.com/prescription-drug-abuse 2 M.D, Volkow, N. ( 2005 ) . NIDA ââ¬â Research Report Series ââ¬â Prescription Drugs: Maltreatment and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html 3 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.prescription-drug-abuse.org/ 4 ) Thibodeau, D. ( 2009, October 20 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment now tops illegal drug usage | GoDanRiver. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.godanriver.com/gdr/news/local/danville_news/article/prescription_drug_abuse_now_tops_illegal_drug_use/14771/ 5 ) Drug Addiction ââ¬â Doctor Shopping ââ¬â Chronic Pain Medication Addiction. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drug-addiction.com/doctor_shopping.htm 6 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Chart ââ¬â Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics ââ¬â NIDA. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/PrescripDrugsChart.html 7 ) Mayo Clinic. ( 2008 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment ââ¬â MSN Health & A ; Fitness ââ¬â Addiction|Quit Smoking. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //health.msn.com/health-topics/addiction/articlepage.aspx? cp-documentid=100211994 8 ) Silverman, MD, S. M. , & A ; Brown, MD, L. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse: In the US and Florida. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hgexperts.com/article.asp? id=6649 9 ) Treatment Solutions Network. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.treatmentsolutionsnetwork.com/prescription-drug-abuse.html Prescription Drug Abuse The audience I will be addressing is parents, caregivers and school educators about the dangers of prescription drugs and how we can better educate teenagers and young adults on the dangers of abusing them. There are many ways that we can teach and educate our teenagers and young adults, but itââ¬â¢s important that families, schools and communities are involved. The rate of prescription drug overdose among teenagers and young adults have sky rocketed over the past several years. This has become a growing epidemic and if we donââ¬â¢t step in and do something, this problem will only get worse. No parent or caregiver ever wants to lose a child and it can be especial harder knowing that you could have helped prevent it. Some people say itââ¬â¢s the schools job to education this subject and others say that education starts at home. Where can our parents/caregivers get the information they need to help better understand the problem itself and to help safe guard their children? Who would be the best influence to talk to our teens and young adults? In my essay I will explain why itââ¬â¢s so important that schools and parents/caregivers need to both educate and talk to our young adults and teens. 205) Kara Gordon Prescription Drug Abuse among Teens and Young Adults Prescription drug misuse and overdose among teens and young adults is one of the fastest growing health epidemics in the United States. While there has been a marked decrease in the use of some illegal drugs like cocaine, data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) show that nearly one-third of p eople aged 12 and over whom used drugs for the first time began by using a prescription drug non-medically. The amount of controlled substances dispensed and used non medically is scary considering that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that opioid drugs, including oxycodone and hydrocodone, caused more than 15,500 overdose deaths in 2010 and that number is increasing. Parents/caregivers and educators need to action and educate our children before itââ¬â¢s too late. Informing teens and young adults about the dangers of taking prescription drugs that donââ¬â¢t belong to them could save their lives. Teens and young adults have chosen prescription drugs as their drug of choice because it is less expensive as illegal drugs like cocaine or marijuana, and more easily accessible. All they need to do is walk into their own bathroom and look into the medicine cabinet. Itââ¬â¢s sitting in plain sight for the taking. They donââ¬â¢t realize the danger of taking prescription drugs that were not prescribed to them. They think because it was prescribed by a doctor that it must be safe. Teens and young adults also feel that, â⬠Parents donââ¬â¢t care as much if they get caught using prescription drugs, without a doctorââ¬â¢s prescription, than they do if they get caught using illegal drugsâ⬠(PR Newswire 4/23/13) like cocaine or marijuana. The most commonly known and used prescription pills that teens and young adults abuse are Vicodin, Oxycontin, Adderall, and Ritalin. There are also designer drugs such as ââ¬Å"K2â⬠, ââ¬Å"Spiceâ⬠and ââ¬Å"bath salts. â⬠These designer drugs can be extremely dangerous because they havenââ¬â¢t been tested or approved and you are basically experimenting on your own body. When teens and young adults use these types of prescription drugs, most people think that they are looking to get high. This is not always the case. ââ¬Å"Teens abuse prescription drugs for a number of reasons, including to get high, to treat pain, or because they think it will help them with school work. Boys and girls tend to abuse some types of prescription drugs for many different reasons. â⬠(Bethesda) Like, boys are more likely to abuse prescription stimulants to get high, while girls tend to abuse them to stay alert or to lose weight. Teens and young adults realize when they have taken to many pills until itââ¬â¢s too late. ââ¬Å"Some of the signs or symptoms they may poses are an altered mental state, confusion, slurred speech excited delirium or agitation, sweating and out of control. â⬠(Knudson) They may be unable to breathe on their own. If you notice any of these symptoms you should take them to the emergency room immediately. It is better to have them looked at by a physician than not at all. As parents and caregivers itââ¬â¢s your job to make sure that your prescription drugs are stored in their proper place at your home. Just like guns, they need to be locked up and out of reach of your loved ones. Therefore does not provide them the opportunity or means to get them. We also need to ââ¬Å"take the opportunity to clean out our medicine cabinets and safely dispose of unwanted drugs. â⬠(PR Newswire 2013) There are several ways that you can properly dispose of your prescriptions drugs and one way is to use medication disposal envelopes. This is a postage-paid envelope that allows people to mail their unwanted or unused prescriptions to a licensed, secure facility for safe destruction. Another way is through a National Drug Take Back Day. Communities will hold these take back days to provide a safe, convenient and secure means of drug disposal. This is usually run by law enforcement or municipal agencies. Education is also a key ingredient to help protecting our children from prescription drug abuse. Almost a decade ago schools were more focused on keeping students from misusing alcohol and illegal street drugs like ecstasy, heroin and cocaine that there was never a concern to even speak about prescription drugs. After a study held by the Centers of Disease Control in 2009, it showed that teens as early as eleven years old were taking prescription medicine at was not prescribed to them. ââ¬Å"Prevention of adolescent drug use has never been more important and response to this alarming trend, ââ¬Å"Wake UPâ⬠was formed as a community education campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of abusing prescription drugs and to prevent first time use by teens and young adults. (PR Newswire 2012) This program was created by The Pain Truth, a charitable organization that started two years ago as an effort to education our children to make better decisions when opportunities of prescription drug abuse are given. This campaign is provided to all schools and communities at no cost. ââ¬Å"Misuse and abuse of prescription drugs knows no boundaries and requires a comprehensive response that engages all elements and influencers of a teenagerââ¬â¢s life. â⬠This was stated by Paul Barsky, the head of Upper School at Francis Parker School. What better way to sum up this essay. There are thousands of teens and young adults out there abusing prescription drugs right now. It is our job as parents, caregivers, and educators to do everything in our power to teach our teens and young adults everything we can about the dangers of prescription drug abuse. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies in 2012 reported that among Indiana residents ages 12 to 17, 8. 2% used prescription pain medications for nonmedical purposes in the past year; Indianaââ¬â¢s percentage was statistically similar to the nationââ¬â¢s 6. %. The Indiana College Substance Use Survey that was conducted in 2011 showed 11. 3% of Indiana College students used prescription medications not prescribed to them in the past year, with 6. 2% currently using and 3. 8% of Indiana college students misused their prescription medication in the past year, with 1. 4% of students reporting current misuse. That is why it is so important that we reach out to our children and communicate and education them as best we can. You never know that the next childââ¬â¢s life that is saved could be our own. (1069) Prescription Drug Abuse Introduction.When we think of drug nuts and maltreatment we usually think of people who take the common street drugs such as cocaine, cleft, heroine, or other illegal drugs. However most people do n't recognize or take earnestly the turning figure of maltreaters of prescription drugs presently in our state. There is a common misconception that merely because a physician prescribes a certain drug that that is someway safer and different than utilizing the alleged street drugs. After all, you are being given a prescription to take the drug by your doctor, and it is non illegal or a offense. However, we must recognize that dependence is n't limited to merely illicit drugs on the street, but frequently doctor prescribed medicines as good. Prescription drugs have improved and saved infinite Numberss of lives over the old ages as many new discoveries have been achieved in scientific discipline and medical specialty in handling a assortment of known diseases. ââ¬Å"However, utilizing these drugs without the supervising of a doctor or for intents different from their intended usage can take to serious inauspicious effects, including decease from overdose and physical dependence. Because many prescription drugs are frequently opiate based, when abused, these drugs can be as habit-forming and unsafe as illegal drugs.â⬠1 ) ( Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to ( M.D, Volkow, 2005 ) , manager at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2 ) ââ¬Å"an estimated 48 million people ( ages 12 and older ) , have used prescription drugs for non-medical grounds, which represents about 20 per centum of the U.S. population.â⬠Additionally, 3 ) ââ¬Å"in 2000, approximately 43 per centum of infirmary exigency admittances for drug overdoses ( about 500,000 people ) happened because of misused prescription drugs, and in ââ¬Å"2006 entirely, 700,000 exigency room visits were attributed to prescription drug overdoses.â⬠4 ) ( Thibodeau, 2009 ) . This type of drug maltreatment is increasing at an dismaying rate because of their widespread handiness, including online pharmaceuticss which have made it much easier for anyone regardless of age to get drugs without a prescription. ( Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs, 2009 ) . 3 ) ââ¬Å"One of the most common and primary methods of obtaining prescription drugs by nuts is by physician shopping harmonizing to the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) .â⬠5 ) This method refers to a individual who continually searches out different physicians to order the same medicines in order to feed their dependences. I think most of us either know or have known persons or even household members who have resorted to this type of behaviour in order to acquire prescription drugs for this intent. The most common types of drugs that are frequently abused are cardinal nervous system sedatives such as benzodiazepines or tranquillizers, often prescribed for anxiousness and kiping upsets, opioids and narcotics for hurting alleviation, and stimulations such as those given for attending shortage hyperactivity upset, ( ADHD ) , narcolepsy, and fleshiness. 6 ) ( Prescription Drug Abuse Chart ââ¬â Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics ââ¬â NIDA, 2009 ) ââ¬Å"For illustration, U.S. prescriptions for stimulations ( including those taken for ADHD ) increased from around 5 million in 1991 to about 35 million in 2007. Prescriptions for opioid analgesics such as oxycodone ( OxyContin ) and hydrocodone ( Vicodin ) increased from 40 million in 1991 to 180 million in 2007.â⬠7 ) ( Mayo Clinic, 2008 ) . I feel the grounds for this important addition in prescription drug maltreatment is simple. We live in a society today that tells you a pill can bring around and work out all of your jobs no affair what they are. All we have to make is turn on the telecasting and see the changeless barrage of advertizements for the latest prescription drugs on the market. As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry is doing one million millions of dollars off of people and is surely non traveling to kick, therefore encouraging and driving the epidemic even more. Furthermore, these drugs are comparatively easy to obtain and are socially acceptable by the huge bulk of the public compared to illegal drugs. In merely the past several old ages, we have seen the outgrowth and proliferation of many ââ¬Å"pain clinicsâ⬠throughout the United States. Although non all are bad, some of these installations as stated by 8 ) ( Silverman & A ; Brown, MD, 2009 ) , ââ¬Å"are frequently non-physician owned and run merely inside the jurisprudence. The doctors who pattern in these installations are seldom accredited through board enfranchisement processes, and many take no insurance and publicize confidential, hard currency merely services. Some even advertise armed guards in the waiting suites. With no inadvertence, these installations serve as a beginning for a uninterrupted supply of controlled substances to frequently times addicted and sometimes naAA?ve people. It is non uncommon to happen patients of these installations having 10s of 1000s of mgs of opioid medicines each month.â⬠With these types of plans and clinics runing and promoting such drug maltreatment, I feel that the people who truly necessitate these medicines are frequently the 1s who suffer, such as persons with painful terminal diseases and unwellnesss like malignant neoplastic disease. I experienced this first-hand with my mother several old ages ago when she was diagnosed with terminal lung malignant neoplastic disease that had metastasized to her castanetss, and impotently watched her suffer from hurting. While she was undergoing radiation interventions at a malignant neoplastic disease clinic, her physician at that place stated that she should utilize Advil to assist with her hurting and that the authorities was checking down on agenda drugs that were prescribed. My response to this is, if malignant neoplastic disease patients ca n't acquire the necessary hurting medicines they urgently need, yet nuts can acquire all they want, so there is something really incorrect with this state we live i n and our wellness attention system.Decision.What is of import to acknowledge and go cognizant of about prescription drug maltreatment is that it is much the same as other signifiers of illegal drug maltreatment such as cocaine or diacetylmorphine, and no 1 is immune. It can be merely as unsafe and lifelessly as other illicit drugs, and affects persons of all ages, races, gender, and socio-economic backgrounds. It can besides destruct households, occupations, and places every bit good as holding fatal wellness effects. In fact, usage of prescription drugs now causes more deceases than diacetylmorphine and cocaine combined, harmonizing to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.â⬠9 ) ( Treatment Solutions Network, 2009 ) . Furthermore, with the recent tragic and ill-timed deceases of famous persons such as Michael Jackson, Anna Nicole Smith, and Heath Ledger related to prescription drug maltreatment, I feel this job is eventually being brought to the head and exposed, conveying a much needed consciousness to the dangers and effects of mistreating prescription drugs.Mentions:1 ) Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse. ( n.d. ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patmoorefoundation.com/prescription-drug-abuse 2 M.D, Volkow, N. ( 2005 ) . NIDA ââ¬â Research Report Series ââ¬â Prescription Drugs: Maltreatment and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html 3 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.prescription-drug-abuse.org/ 4 ) Thibodeau, D. ( 2009, October 20 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment now tops illegal drug usage | GoDanRiver. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.godanriver.com/gdr/news/local/danville_news/article/prescription_drug_abuse_now_tops_illegal_drug_use/14771/ 5 ) Drug Addiction ââ¬â Doctor Shopping ââ¬â Chronic Pain Medication Addiction. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drug-addiction.com/doctor_shopping.htm 6 ) Prescription Drug Abuse Chart ââ¬â Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics ââ¬â NIDA. ( 2009 ) . . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/PrescripDrugsChart.html 7 ) Mayo Clinic. ( 2008 ) . Prescription drug maltreatment ââ¬â MSN Health & A ; Fitness ââ¬â Addiction|Quit Smoking. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //health.msn.com/health-topics/addiction/articlepage.aspx? cp-documentid=100211994 8 ) Silverman, MD, S. M. , & A ; Brown, MD, L. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse: In the US and Florida. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hgexperts.com/article.asp? id=6649 9 ) Treatment Solutions Network. ( 2009 ) . Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.treatmentsolutionsnetwork.com/prescription-drug-abuse.html edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-28091831901296607532020-01-08T12:00:00.001-08:002020-01-08T12:00:02.809-08:00John F. Kennedy s Civil Rights Address - 1032 Words John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. He was in office from January 20, 1 to November 22, 1963. When he was assassinated. He fought for protecting the rights of all who wish to be free. Kennedy gave a speech called ââ¬Å"Civil Rights Addressâ⬠in June of 1963. He Spoke about dealing with equal opportunity and inequality in the United states calling it a moral crisis. Kennedy states, ââ¬Å"I am, therefore, asking the Congress to enact legislation giving all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public -- hotels, restaurants, theaters, retail stores, and similar establishments. This seems to me to be an elementary right. Its denial is an arbitrary indignity that no American in 1963 should have toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Dyson proves his point while comparing an African American by the name of Jeremiah Wright to a few of past presidents. In the chapter Re-Founding Father in ââ¬Å"The Black Presidencyâ⬠, Dyson recal ls a political fundraiser for Barak Obama hosted by Oprah Winfrey during his run for president. He states that a lot of celebrities were in attendance such as Stevie Wonder, Sidney Poitier and Chris Rock. He remembers everyone being social amongst each other. Dyson, Obama and Rock engaged in a conversation. Chris rock compared Obamas campaign to a heavyweight fight between Larry Holmes and Gerry Cooney (119). Holmes was black and Cooney was white. The moral of Rockââ¬â¢s story was that Holmes had beat Cooney so bad that they had to stop the fight. If it wasnââ¬â¢t for the knockout Cooney would have won from the score cards because he was white. Chris rock used the fight as a metaphor for ââ¬Å"the black experienceâ⬠. Dyson states, ââ¬Å"By then Obama and I were nodding our heads in agreement. We knew the odds were often stacked against blacks in the competition to get a decent shot at a job or a seat in schoolâ⬠(119). Dyson Obama and Rock knew as African American men they had to fight for equal opportunity. Dyson Believes that inequality of African Americans in this country is important, yet unfair. In the article ââ¬Å"The Scold of Black Folkâ⬠Dysons makes good claims that inequality in thisShow MoreRelatedThe John F. Kennedy s Speech On Civil Rights Movement Essay975 Words à |à 4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy is 35th President of the United States was June 11, 1963 in work for Americans. On the country is White House in Oval Office from Washington, D.C. for history his Civil Rights Address. Kennedy wants to be announced and start a speech on civil rights Movement will explain about people in African American. The speech is history to tell of equality for African American with people in live were civil rights. We can show on notification for speak a television and some radio becauseRead MoreImpact Of John F Kennedy On The Civil Rights Act Of 19641080 Words à |à 5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy had a major influence on the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Prior to the act, segregation in the United States was still strongly supported, but civil rights groups continued to fight against racism. After the election of 1960, John F. Kennedy continually supported the civil rights movement and he created a Civil Rights Act to fight for equal rights. After his assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act act was passed. Segregation in the United States was very present priorRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1746 Words à |à 7 Pagesof the executive office itself. President John F Kennedy was masterful at this skill and the words he spoke and the dreams he invited us to share are as powerful today as they ever were. Our cultural memory of John F. Kennedy was shaped within a very narrow time frame. Kennedy, born in 1917, was only forty-six years old, when he was assassinated. He had served less than three years as president of the United States at the time of his death (Reader s Companion to American History, 1991). He servedRead MoreFormer First Lady, Michelle Obama, Defined Success As ââ¬Å"The1579 Words à |à 7 Pagesrecollect John F. Kennedy as a successful individual during the 1950ââ¬â¢s because of the advances he made to the growing nation. Through his years in office, Kennedy grew the economy with several policies which contributed to stronger ties with foreign countries. Not only did he stand up for the rights of African - Americans through a time of segregation, but he also helped guide the way for minority groups and followed his expression, ââ¬Å"Get America Moving Again.â⬠President John F. Kennedy was effectiveRead MoreJohn F. Kennedys Agenda in Civil Rights Address1133 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen John F. Kennedy took the presidential office in January of 1961, the United States was at the forefront of the civil rights movement. Kennedy inherited a country that was mostly segregated in the southern states. African American civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. were busy trying to unify the south to allow for all equal rights. Protests, sit-inââ¬â¢s, and demonstrations became a common occurrence as African American people were being discriminated against. President Kennedy usedRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy s Inaugural Address1030 Words à |à 5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy was seen as one of the most charming, prominent, and yo ungest American presidents of our time. He brought ideas and plans to make America a better place when he stepped into office. His run as president was so unique because he had set out plans for office, but he was assassinated before he could go through with some of them. Vice president Lyndon B. Johnson stepped up to the challenge to continue Kennedyââ¬â¢s plans (John F. Kennedy). John F. Kennedyââ¬â¢s domestic policies in the CivilRead MoreDreams of John F. Kennedy700 Words à |à 3 PagesInaugural Address: The Dreams of John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy; even today 50 years after his death, his name still inspires Americans and others around the globe. President Kennedy was elected in 1960; this was the start of a new decade and a new generation and was a time of great change in our nation. Kennedy was the youngest U.S. president in our history and when sworn into office spoke his Inaugural Address. His Inaugural speech addresses many problems faced by Americans and many otherRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: A Legacy Never Forgotten1377 Words à |à 6 Pages Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names(Brainy Quotes). John F Kennedy said this during one of his speeches, and ironically no one will ever forget the name of the person who murdered him, Lee Harvey Oswald, an enemy of the American Public. When Kennedy ran for office, he had to seem like the more experienced candidate and appeal to all of the people. During his speeches, Kennedy engaged his audiences and they hung on his every word. However, the tragic event of his assassinationRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy And Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.809 Words à |à 4 PagesFormer President John F. Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., gave the world two of the most iconic and historic speech in American history. In January of 1961, John F. Kennedy gave his infamous Inaugural Address. Not even heavy snow fall could deter JFKââ¬â¢s inaugural address. His mission was to reassure the American citizens their strengths and at the same time, motivate them to inspired the wo rld. One of the most famous phrases for Kennedyââ¬â¢s speech, ââ¬Å"And so, my fellow Americans: ask not whatRead MoreThe Assassination Lee Harvey Oswald Essay1153 Words à |à 5 PagesNovember 22nd 1963, twelve cars were driving slowly through Dallas, Texas. President Kennedy sat with his wife waving at the crowds of spectators when three shots were fired. President Kennedy had been shot in the back and head. The president was then rushed to the nearest hospital, four miles away. John F. Kennedy was pronounced dead at 1.30pm, just an hour after the assassination at 46 years of age. He died of a wound in the brain caused by one of the bullets. Vice President Lyndon Johnson, who edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-76999423579641713042019-12-31T08:26:00.001-08:002019-12-31T08:26:03.551-08:00Adolescent Suicide Rates Essay - 1237 Words Suicide has been rising at alarming rates; the overall suicide rate for children and adolescents has increased over 300% since the 1950s. (Miller, 2009) Adolescent children are screaming out for our help, are we just ignoring the signs or do we not care? For young people, an average 1,800 take their own lives and 85,000 are hospitalized for attempts nationally (CDC, 2008). With this kind of statistics we need to step in and take some action. The first step in taking action against adolescent suicide is by recognizing the warning signs. Some of the warning signs are (a) rage, anger, seeking revenge; (b) acting reckless or engaging in risky activities, seemingly without thinking; (c) feeling trapped, as if there is no way out; (d)â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With such media coverings as those kind of websites could be the reason for the boom. Some studies say that the majority of children who self harm either learned it from a friend or peer. So when people post these kinds of things on the internet it can tempt youth that is depressed or feeling alone. Not only is it showing them how to do it, it is showing them that they can become ââ¬Å"popularâ⬠for doing such acts to oneââ¬â¢s self. Warning signs for self-mutilation can be wearing covering clothing when it is warm out, and not letting people touch where they might be cutting themselves. It was once believed that people who self injure were just doing it for attention but recent studies have proven otherwise. A quote from the research from the CASE study in Europe stated that ââ¬Å"The findings of this study show that adolescents who deliberately self-harm often report both cry of pain and cry for help motives. The majority of youngsters wanted to get relief from a terrible state of mind and/ or wanted to die with their act of self-harm. Although the study shows that there is also a cry for help, this type of motive seems to be less prominent than the cry of pain, which is inconsistent with the po pular notion that adolescents deliberate self-harm is ââ¬Ëonlyââ¬â¢ a cry for help (Scoliers, 2009). With this knowledge we need to make sure we help the children who are not only doing it toShow MoreRelatedThe Rate Of Adolescent Suicide1874 Words à |à 8 PagesFor others it can be a sign of depression which can lead them to suicidal thoughts and perhaps even the act of committing suicide. It doesnââ¬â¢t matter your age, race, religion, or gender people of all kinds end up taking their own lives because of depression or unfortunate events in their life. A particular group which should be focused on is adolescents. The period of adolescent can be a very difficult perhaps even the most difficult part of oneââ¬â¢s life. A lot of different changes are occurring atRead MoreHealth Care Challenges when Working with Adolescents Essay1174 Words à |à 5 Pageswith the adolescent population we have many health care challenges. Adolescents experiences profound physical chan ges which occur rapidly. These include increased rate of bone and muscle growth, sex specific changes and development of the sexual reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. ââ¬Å"â⬠Changes are created by hormonal changes within the body when the hypothalamus begins to produce gnoadotropin-releasing hormonesâ⬠(Potter Perry, 2005, p. 205). This is a time when adolescents becomeRead Moreââ¬Å"Dying Before Their Time: The Startling Trends in Adolescent Suicideâ⬠1217 Words à |à 5 PagesAccording to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), suicide is the third leading cause of death for adolescents aged 15-24 years old. This calculates to 33,000 adolescents killing themselves each year (CDC, 2010). The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), reported that suicide amongst all individuals nation wide has declined over all, but despite the decline, adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 have shown suicide rates that h as increased by 6 percent (NCSL, 2005)Read MoreEffect Of Suicide Screening Assessments On Determining Suicide Risk860 Words à |à 4 Pages Effect of Suicide Screening Assessments on Determining Suicide Risk in Adolescents Identification of the problem: According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2015, suicide is the second leading cause of death in the adolescent population in this country and the number of occurrences continues to rise at a dramatic rate. For every teen that completes a suicide, 100 make an attempt, making suicide a paramount public health issue that needs to be addressed. Statistics show that since 2009Read MoreThe Most Common Death For Adolescents1530 Words à |à 7 PagesThere are many causes for an adolescent to die. The most common death for adolescents is suicide. Parents are not aware of how to tell if their adolescent is suicidal or how to condone it. In today s society there are so many ways to help them with their suicidal thoughts. Adolescents should not feel alone with their thoughts, there are forms of help deal with their thoughts. What Causes Suicide There are a variety of situations that can cause an adolescent to become suicidal. Bullying orRead MoreChild, Adolescent And Suicide867 Words à |à 4 Pages Child Adolescent and suicide Suicides attempt is a potentially self-injurious behavior with a non-fatal outcome, for which there is an evidence that the person intended at some level to kill himself/ herself (Kola 1). In simple words a person tries to kill himself/herself by poison, injury and many other ways. Then intent to commit suicide is called suicidal ideation. Now a days, many people committing suicide in which most of them is the youth generation. Why it happens?. When a personRead MoreSetting Up Sucide Prevention Programs1427 Words à |à 6 Pagesbullying and sex education programs, but suicide, the third leading cause of adolescent deaths (Caine 1), is practically ignored. Many schools only offer hot lines for suicidal students. While some schools have implemented suicide prevention programs and the government has recognized teenage suicide as a growing problem, effective solutions need to be discovered and funded to prevent these catastrophic deaths. The U.S. federal government should develop and fund suicide prevention programs in high schoolsRead MoreSuicidal Adolescents863 Words à |à 4 Pagesintervention for reducing suicidal tendencies in adolescents?â⬠I found four journal articles discussing the results of experiments conducted on suicidal adolescents with use of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). The first article was a 2010 article titled, ââ¬Å"Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Adolescents for Suicide Prevention: Systematic Review of Clinical-Effectiveness.â⬠The second article was published in 2011, titled ââ¬Å"Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A): A Clinical Trial for PatientsRead MoreDurkheim s Study On Suicide During The Industrial Revolution1357 Words à |à 6 Pagesisolation have been linked to higher suicide rates. Durkheimââ¬â¢s study on suicide during the industrial revolution supports this theory as he states that, ââ¬Å"people were increasingly disconnected from their communities and that this social upheaval h ad a greater effect on suicide rates than other factors like wealthâ⬠(Winner Collishaw, 2011). Interestingly enough, despite the increase of media attention on suicide, no studies have been published that explain why suicide rates vary among different groups. HoweverRead MoreComorbidity Disorder In Children Essay1063 Words à |à 5 PagesDeficity Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, due to both disorders sharing executive functions insufficiency. According to Riley, Ahmed, and Locke (2016), one of the two most common comorbidity disorders in children and adolescences with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is ADHD, which transpires in fourteen percent to forty percent of children that has ODD, particularly in the ODD children that have more predominant symptoms of defiant and headstrongness. APA (2013) Diagnostic edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-79565002625114299182019-12-23T04:12:00.001-08:002019-12-23T04:12:04.378-08:00Analysis Of Dope, Malcolm, And His Two Friends Jim Stereotypes are a hard thing to shake when growing up in an underfunded suburb like Malcolm Moore. In the movie Dope, Malcolm, and his two friends Jim and Diggy get themselves into a dangerous adventure. Malcolm s primary goal throughout the story is that he gets into Harvard. The main subject of this movie is perception. The writer Rick Famoyiwa gives prime examples of the idea that what people perceive to be true and what is true is a constant conflict. In this film, Famoyiwa brings to attention the difference between perception and reality. One of these examples is when Malcolm is continuously sneaking his drugs into his high school, past drug dogs and a beeping alarm system. After passing through the alarm system many times, the officers assumed that the machine broke. Also, after passing the drug dogs, the police simply ignored the situation due to whom the dogs were barking at. These two events show that how people viewed Malcolm helped him succeed, he was seen as a band geek a nd a good kid and because of this; there was no suspicion from the officers. Overall, because his peers saw him as this good boy, he ended up getting away with quite a bit that someone who had a reputation or viewed as differently would not have. Next, Malcolm comes in a confrontation with a man who sells Designer bags while trying to get money for the drugs he has sold online. During this, he must pass a test to get the money he needs for Harvard. Malcolm must determine which bag is real edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-75928045314711078822019-12-15T00:42:00.001-08:002019-12-15T00:42:03.454-08:00The presentation of individuals and society in the novel, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Free Essays Choose two extracts from the novel and use them as a basis for your discussion of one of the following topics: 1. The ways in which places and settings are used in the novel; 2. The presentation of individuals and society in the novel; 3. We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of individuals and society in the novel, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stevensonââ¬â¢s methods of developing tension and a sense of horror in the novel. For the purposes of my analysis, I have chosen option two: The presentation of individuals and society in the novel. The two extracts that I have chosen for the analysis are: Uttersonââ¬â¢s first meeting with Mr. Hyde and his subsequent description of him (in the chapter The Search for Mr. Hyde) and an excerpt from the last chapter Henry Jekyllââ¬â¢s full statement of the case. In this essay, I am going to discuss how Stevenson presents the individuals and the society in the novel. In order to make a clear interpretation, I am going to be using the novel as well as my background knowledge of the time and context in which the novel was set. I will also review Stevensonââ¬â¢s experiences, which might have led to the creation of the story. Firstly, I will examine the society presented by Stevenson in this novel. The entire story revolves around the upper/middle class. There are only hints of other social classes in the form of workers and servants, employed by the rich people. The four main characters of the play have much in common; they are all rich, well-educated and professional men: Utterson is a lawyer; Enfield is a well known man around the town, showing his popularity. Lanyon and Jekyll are both doctors, which shows their high professional status. Another trait that all these men have in common is, they are all cold and distant yet likable. Also, they are all un-married. Below is an extract from the book, outlining Mr. Uttersonââ¬â¢s personality: Mr. Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged countenance, that was never lighted by a smile; coldâ⬠¦backward in sentimentâ⬠¦ and yet somehow lovable. Another interesting fact regarding the novel is, not one of the main characters is a woman, this shows the nature of the society. The society at the time was a male-dominated one. Some have argued that this gives the novel an empty feel. Readers agree that, the severe lack of women from the settings creates unease in the novel, which can be felt slightly. This particular writing trait that Stevenson employs can be linked back to his own childhood, Stevenson had a strong father figure and thus, the imbalance in sexes is noticeable in the writing. In the novel itself, each of the characters face a varying dilemma. Utterson seems at peace with the world and doesnââ¬â¢t want a wife whereas, Jekyll seems to change into Hyde because he is sexually frustrated. Jekyll is one character who would be content with a wife. Here, another flaw in the society seems visible; Stevensonââ¬â¢s subtle language sets up the male-only society in order to push Jekyll into becoming Hyde. Stevenson exasperates Jekyll and through his tactical writing, he also thoroughly entertains the readers. The main character of the novel seems to be Mr. Utterson. Stevenson writes the novel from Uttersonââ¬â¢s perspective, events of the novel and the story-line itself is viewed through Uttersonââ¬â¢s eyes. For example, when the reader first learns about Hyde, it is from Uttersonââ¬â¢s detailed description. Automatically, the reader then perceives Hyde as Utterson does. The readers are also inclined to feel the same emotions Utterson feels regarding Hyde: â⬠¦the hitherto unknown disgust, loathing and fear in which Mr. Utterson regarded him (Hyde). The interesting factor is that Utterson is never the narrator of the proceedings in the novel. However, he is always involved in some way, even in the scenes where he has no direct role. Another interesting factor is that even though Stevenson doesnââ¬â¢t employ Utterson as the narrator, he tailors him with narrator like features: he is calm, considerate and usually emotionless. Stevenson uses him to great effect towards the end, he surprises the readers by turning the passive character of Utterson, suddenly into an active member of the novel. The author reveals the other side of Uttersonââ¬â¢s character as being decisive and strong, and this allows the reader to be further interested in the novel: I must and shall see youâ⬠¦ if not by fair means than by foul ââ¬â if not of your consent, then by brute force! Another key character in the novel is Dr. Lanyon. He is only thrust into action when Hyde goes to visit him. Stevenson heightens the drama of the story by not allowing Lanyon to confide his experiences to Utterson and the readers. The reader is made desperate to know what Lanyon refers to as: it could kill a man by its mere presence. The reader later gathers that he is referring to Hyde. After Lanyon watches Hyde transform to Jekyll, Lanyonââ¬â¢s whole demeanour changes to a dying man, but he never reveals the cause for his sudden ill-health: I have had a shock and I shall never recover. It is a question of weeksâ⬠¦ There could be two possible reasons why Lanyon doesnââ¬â¢t reveal the truth; he may believe that by divulging the details he may tarnish the old friendship between himself and Dr. Jekyll. However, this reason doesnââ¬â¢t seem very likely because the friendship between the two was long lost. Below is a perfect example, showing that the friendship is long gone (Jekyllââ¬â¢s thoughts about Lanyon): â⬠¦that hide-bound pedant, Lanyon, at what he called my scientific heresies. The second simpler reason could be that, Lanyon believes even if he did divulge any details, people would not believe his claims. He is worried that he may be labelled a lunatic, and obviously wants to avoid that predicament. Stevenson has used masterly language in order to construct the characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His language clearly conveys them as two separate people yet it also outlines the gigantic difference between them. Early on in the story, Jekyll informs the readers about his theory regarding Hyde: Man is not truly one but truly two. Throughout the novel, Stevenson conveys Hyde as the lower instinct and id form of Jekyll. The author wants the readers to believe that Hyde is a selfish, animal side of Jekyll. This strange phenomenon could be linked back to Stevensonââ¬â¢s childhood. In that circumstance Stevenson being the mischievous child representing Hyde and Stevensonââ¬â¢s father being upstanding and respected, representing Jekyll. Hyde also seems to rebel with Jekyll like Stevenson did with his father. Stevenson wanted to be an author, but his father was against such a career but Stevenson became one anyway: Jekyll had more than a fatherââ¬â¢s interest; Hyde had more than a sonââ¬â¢s indifference. To make the novel a success, the foundations must be strong; this relies on the fact that the reader perceives Jekyll and Hyde, as Stevenson wants him to. The author wants the characters to be completely different, yet be the same person, and to convey this Stevenson uses descriptive language: (Jekyll) Every mark of capacity and kindnessâ⬠¦ AND A large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fiftyâ⬠¦ On the other hand, there is a stark appearance between Jekyllââ¬â¢s description and Hydeââ¬â¢s: (Hyde) He had borne himself with a murderous mixture of timidity and boldness AND There was something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something downright detestable. Now as we can understand from the above quotations, Stevenson uses alliteration to convey the descriptions of both the characters. Some examples are- downright detestable; murderous mixture. This vivid language leads the reader to believe in Jekyll and Hyde. The author conveys Hyde as being completely opposite of Jekyll, even through the name. Hyde is a monster hidden within Jekyll. The more dramatic interpretation would be conveyed as a struggle between good and evil. It seems clear that Hyde is always present in Jekyll: at the start of the novel he just hasnââ¬â¢t been released and thus, Jekyll had complete control of the situation. The problem arises when Jekyll starts taking the metamorphic potion; at this point Hyde emerges and begins to take control. Itââ¬â¢s clear that Hyde gains strength from the actions of Jekyll; this point is further enhanced if the reader concentrates on Hydeââ¬â¢s appearance. Hyde doesnââ¬â¢t seem to be a tall person, and thus his character is not strong enough to challenge Jekyll. However, Hydeââ¬â¢s continued nourishment through Jekyllââ¬â¢s weaknesses means that eventually Hyde becomes increasingly potent: The balance of my nature might be permanently overthrownâ⬠¦ and the character of Edward Hyde become irrevocably mine. This revelation proves that, the metamorphic potion is truly a changing potion, it reverts Jekyll to a weaker character of Hyde. Once Jekyll starts taking the potion, the characters of Jekyll and Hyde become vague and unclear: it even seems that both the characters want to be separate. An example of that is when Jekyll refers to Hyde as him not I. From Jekyllââ¬â¢s language it seems that Hyde is no longer a part of Jekyll but someone else. Finally, Jekyll explains that the character of Hyde is completely different; in a sense Jekyll lets Hyde do whatever he pleases, without the fear of consequences or society: â⬠¦ the liberty, the comparative youth, the light step, leaping pulses and secret pleasures that I had enjoyed in the disguises of Edward Hyde. Thus, the position of Hyde in the novel is grotesque and mysterious. He stands apart from the rest of the society; he is ugly, disturbing and unlovable. So, Jekyll is able to enjoy two positions in the society, one being in the centre and the other being on the extreme edge. In conclusion, Stevenson conveys both his own rebelling and then escaping aspects in the novel. Stevenson rebelled by roaming the streets of Edinburgh at night and then escaped to Samoa. Stevenson also constructs the society to an odd proportion, by placing no women in it; this seems to reflect a classical hypocritical Victorian society. However, throughout the novel the atmosphere seems to be perfect for the Jekyll/Hyde situation and thus, makes the novel a fantastic read. How to cite The presentation of individuals and society in the novel, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Papers edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-87505878429508940652019-12-06T21:05:00.001-08:002019-12-06T21:05:02.885-08:00Resource Management For Hospitality Tourism-Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Resource Management For Hospitality Tourism? Answer: Introduction In this assignment, the importance of operations management in tourism and hospitality has been considered. The company selected is Thomas Cook, which has garnered considerable reputation as a popular travel agency around the world. The aspects of human resources and public relations will be discussed in the mentioned report to understand how the smooth functioning of the organisation can be maintained to derive standard competitive advantage and sustainable position in the market. The company is one of the largest travel and tourism organisations operating in the UK. While the Thomas Cook AG was operational for several years, the merger with My Travel Group plc was announced in the year 2007 (Thomas Cook, 2017). The merged groups own series of tour operators and airlines facilities. Being one of the most sought after names in the service industry, there are considerable management issues that are existing. Hence, proper approaches are needed to be taken to address the same. Operational Procedures In order to function in a systematic manner, any organisation is required to distribute the necessary functions in various departments. It establishes a more organised approach within the workplace and the chances of errors are also eliminated with reduced confusions and chaos. The same is being considered by Thomas Cook as well. The processes followed by the different employees to attain the set targets of their respective departments are aligned with the organisational objectives (Heizer, 2016). Thus, it is maintained that a proper coordination is established between the various departments while striving to attain a single objective. Thus, by being on the same board it is maintained that the company is able to operate in a systematic way and is capable of attaining the desired outcomes from the different strategies which are being followed. Out of the multiple departments of the company, the two very essential aspects for the organisation are the human resource and public relations. It is important that these aspects are not only able to perform in best interest of the organisation, but also able to introduce certain credits to the organisation that will make it stand out from the rest of the competitive set. Hence, the managers of the mentioned company are required to be efficient in selecting the most suitable methods with appropriate research and monitoring the performance of the strategies which are being followed (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). Thus, with proper management of the functioning a consistency in the overall performance of the agency can be attained. Below is the discussion regarding the management of the operational procedures in regards with human resource and public relations that would be most suitable for the organisation to hold the position that it has gained in the hospitality industry ove r the years and enhance their brand value considerably. Human Resources It is an undeniable fact that the human resource is one of the most valuable resources for any business organisation. It is the efficiency of the employees in various departments and ob roles which drives any organisation of any specific sector towards its goals. When it comes to service centric organisation, it can be said that the essentiality of skilled se of human resources gets all the way more important. It is on the basis of the service extended by the workforce of a specific organisation, the overall experiences of the clients are shaped up. The same is needed to be recognised by the Thomas Cook as well. Thomas Cook has grown to become one of the major global brands in the recent times. Hence, it is important that the company is able to live up to the expectation. The necessity of skilled set of employees is, hence, undeniable. In any travel and hospitality agency, there are various job roles that are needed to be undertaken. For each specific job, there are certain set of th eoretical as well as practical knowledge that is needed to be present in any prospective employee. The business of Thomas Cook is spread over various geographical areas (Thomas Cook, 2017). The company strives to provide standard performance from these multiple branches. Considering the above mentioned factors, it can be said that the company needs consistent and skilled workforce in various departments and branches. These departments can be managerial, human resource, customer service, finance and accounts, marketing, research and development, technological assistance, public relations and so on (Slack, 2015). Other than that, the soft skills and cultural background of the employees are needed to be understood by the human resource department as well. It can be said that the organisation is needed to follow certain steps in order to determine their needs of the human resource and draft the most suitable steps to identify the most suitable individuals and extract their best performance in order to meet the organisational needs. With a proper analysis, the positions needed within the organisation can be identified. In any travel organisation there are various positions. This can be the role of managers, supervisors, employees, assistants, and helpers (Robinson et al. 2016). Being one of the largest names in the service industry, it can be said that the company needs numerous numbers of employees in various locations in order to ensure that the position is maintained by the company in a global platform. Apart from the full time employees, it is also important that the organisation is planning the requirements of part time employees and casual volunteers as well. It can be said that investing on cost effective alternatives are one of the steps that can be considered by any company. By being able to hire considerable amount of part time employees and volunteers, it can be ensured that their resources are being saved by cutting down of the cost, at the same time, standard performances are derived in favour of the company (Cetin Dincer, 2014). Hence, in departments like customer service or sales, considerations of part time jobs are needed to be done. Currently, the company hires with almost 33,000 full time employees and hundreds of part time employees (Thomas Cook, 2017). The numbers of employees are required to perform various duties within their workplace. It can be said that while managers are required to ensure that the various strategies are framed with appropriate planning and research and implemented in the most suitable manner, the researchers and marketing department are required to understand the needs and requirements of the target audience and ensure that their services are channelized in a manner that would suit their necessities (Legrand, Sloan Chen, 2016). The employees in accounts and finance departments are responsible for keeping track of the monetary resources, the cash-flows within the organisation, the reports describing the revenue, profitability and allocation of budget to the various projects and so on. Additionally, the human resource employees are responsible for ensuring that the employees in different other departments are able to function n a manner that enhances their overall engagements towards the company. The most cru cial job role is the customer service. This includes direct interactions with the clients. Hence, it is important that the employees hold ample knowledge regarding the processes of the company for addressing the queries of the clients. Additionally, being able to receive the feedback and identify the scope of improvement is another major skill that the employees in customer service are required to possess along with ensuring that the attained experience of the clients is favourable for the image of the brand (W. ONeill McGinley, 2014). The various departments that are divided within the Thomas Cook are needed to be aligned in a manner that the coordination and synchronisation is maintained. It is important that all the said departments are working to attain the organisational goals. Hence, it is important that appropriate monitoring of the works done by the employees are done. Therefore, a proper hierarchy can be set up within the organisation. Each department may be further divided into sub-groups having one team leader each (Van der Wagen Goonetilleke, 2015). The team leaders can report to the supervisors of the specific departments. These supervisors can sit for meetings with the managers to discuss upon the processes which are carried out by their specific departments. Thus, understanding the functionality of other departments will be easy. The managers can further provide the supervisors with their feedback and welcome ideas from other individuals in the meeting to better the existing performance and eliminat e the chances of potential risks. The shareholders and owners are the ones who will take update regarding the progression of works in various fields from the managers. It is recognised by the company that the employees are their biggest assets. Hence, considerable amount of effort is needed to be taken from their side to ensure that their potential is utilised in the best manner possible and the employees are retained within the company. Therefore, it can be said that the requirement of the employees are addressed properly. In addition to the basic facilities like salaries, healthcare, safety at work, incentives and so on, the scope of enhancing personal abilities are needed to be provided as well. Hence, methods like training and development is essential to ensure that the organisation is able to get the best performance out of the individuals (Cook, Hsu, Marqua, 2014). It will not only enhance their individual skills that can be effective for them in future, but also increase the productivity of the organisation considerably. Additionally, it is also needed to be maintained that the individuals who are recruited within the organisations are not only possessing the required skills for specific job roles but also are dedicated in a manner that their personal objectives are aligned with the organisational targets (Tsaur Lin, 2014). This would ensure that the feeling of belongingness is more in any employee and they are able to adjust with the organisational cultures considerably. The staffing related to seasonal business will be managed with the help of appropriate contracts. It will state the terms and conditions relating to the employment in clear manner. The individuals will be hired only if they are willing to work in accordance with the terms and conditions regarding the duration, remuneration and other associated aspects of the job roles in a proper manner (Osman, Johns Lugosi, 2014). Additionally, it is also important that appropriate organisational policies are drafted to ensure better welfare of the employed staff. Thus, the workers within the organisation will be able to get retained and the consistency can be maintained. Public Relations It can be seen that the operations of the mentioned organisation is widespread. With an approximate of 19 million annual customers, it has grown to become the second largest travel company existing in the Europe. Hence, it can be inferred that the information relating to the brand may be of certain public interest. It is the responsibility of the company to engage in suitable public relations techniques that would hold the reputation and image of the company in front of the internal as well as the external public and provide the opportunity to enhance the brand value considerably (Smith Puczk, 2014). It can be said that in order to stay relevant in the business environment, continuous effort is needed to be taken by the organisation and implement standard planning and strategies. Maintenance of this is not enough though. It is essential that the related stakeholders are having a good attitude towards the organisation (Cheng Wong, 2015). When it comes to a brand like Thomas Cook, which are basically customer driven and service centric, one of the most essential aspects is to establish a strong bond with the existing and potential clients. In addition to this, being a global brand, the requirement of assistance from the media channel is also important. It will ensure that the correct image of the organisation is being displayed on the global platform that can assure the customers to put their faith on the brand and attain services from them (Nickson, 2013). Apart from this, maintenance of suitable relations with the local and national governance of the areas here the organisation is operative is compulsory as well. It will ensure that no political complications are imposed on the organisation and appropriate and systematic functioning of the company is maintained (Law et al. 2015). It is needed to be understood that in any business organisation the chances of dealing with sudden crisis may erupt. It is the responsibility of the public relations officer to be able to figure out the most suitable solutions for the existing situation and maintain that the dignity of the organisation is maintained in situations as such. Crisis management is one of the most important aspects that the company needs to undertake (Boella Goss-Turner, 2013). In order to ensure that the organisation is portrayed in a positive light in front of the associated public, it is important that the issues the organisation is facing are being accepted by the public relations manager. Maintaining a transparency is sure to enhance the bond of the stakeholders towards the organisation. However, it is also important that thoughtful proposals and the steps considered by the organisation to mitigate such situations are also explained (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2015). This would further throw light on t he fact that the challenges are faced by the organisation in a standard manner. The first and foremost step that the company can do regarding the functions which may hold public interest is to inform the media who may take initiative to cater the news to the wider audience. It can be said that utilisation of standard tools and techniques will be helpful in ensuring that all the major highlights regarding the information is provided to the concerned publics (J. Harrington et al. 2014). Hence, be it press release, conferences, interview or any other forms, appropriate techniques can be applied to ensure that the potent communication channels are being utilised to retain the relevance of the company. It is important that a healthy relationship is maintained with the media professionals. Apart from providing appropriate information, it is important that follow-ups are also maintained as a source of reminder. While organising any major event, it is important that the media and the important stakeholders are sent invitation. Personally attending the guests can have a better impact on the overall impression of the company (Kheiri Nasihatkon, 2015). Additionally, seeking feedback can be also a great medium to not only convey the fact that the ideas and suggestions of the guests are valued, but also be effective in recognising the scope of improvement for the organisation. Hence, it can be said that effective public relations is one of the major factors that the organisation may undertake. Literature Review In any service centric organisation measuring the success of the operations can be a little difficult. The intangible natures of the services being offered are one of the major responsible causes for the same. However, there are certain steps that can be considered by the managers in order to ensure that the services which are extended are aligned with the needs and requirements of the customers (Wood, 2013). It can be seen that in recent times organisations are growing increasingly competitive. The requirement of the business markets are also fluctuating from time to time. Hence, it can be said that appropriate steps are needed to be taken in order to ensure that considerable techniques are being applied for suiting the market requirements by most of the service organisations. However, while engaging in fierce competition as such it can be seen that considerable issues may arise. Thus, the overall quality of the organisation may get hampered. Therefore, it can be seen that in recent times appropriate consideration for monitoring the operations of the organisation are taken (Oakland, 2014). The managers of the organisations are indulging in standard techniques that not only give them the opportunity to reflect on the processes undertaken and the results which are being acquired. Thus, with the help of appropriate procedures as such, the organisations are able to maintain a standard position in the business market. Trends like social media platform and appropriate utilisation of the mass media are done by the organisations in order to reach out to the mass (Leung et al. 2013). This ensures that the brand recognition is high and the performances of the organisation are aligned with the set objectives. Thus, the importance of effective operational management is being given appropriate consideration by the service centric companies. Conclusion Operation management is one of the most crucial aspects that any organisation may have to undertake. With the increase in competition in almost every field, it has become imperative for any company to ensure that a strong position is maintained in the business market. Thus, indulging on standard operations and considering steps for managing the functions of the company is important. This can be effective in maintenance of the latest trends in order to survive the competition. Additionally, a more structured approach can be followed by the organisations in order to attain their set objectives. Thus, it is important that proper approaches and strategies are being followed by organisations like Thomas Cook in order to enhance the overall experience of the clients as well as the other associated public and the existing issues are effectively mitigated that would ensure standard maintenance of the reputation of the brand. References: Boella, M., Goss-Turner, S. (2013).Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Cetin, G., Dincer, F. I. (2014). Influence of customer experience on loyalty and word-of-mouth in hospitality operations.Anatolia,25(2), 181-194. Cheng, S., Wong, A. (2015). Professionalism: A contemporary interpretation in hospitality industry context.International Journal of Hospitality Management,50, 122-133. Cook, R. A., Hsu, C. H., Marqua, J. J. (2014).Tourism: the business of hospitality and travel. USA: Pearson. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Harrington, R., K. Chathoth, P., Ottenbacher, M., Altinay, L. (2014). Strategic management research in hospitality and tourism: past, present and future.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), 778-808. Kheiri, J., Nasihatkon, B. (2015). Evaluating the effects of social media usage on tourists behavior based on different phases of travel process.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), 21-40. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013).Operations management: processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York, NY: Pearson. Law, R., Leung, R., Lo, A., Leung, D., Fong, L. H. N. (2015). Distribution channel in hospitality and tourism: Revisiting disintermediation from the perspectives of hotels and travel agencies.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 431-452. Legrand, W., Sloan, P., Chen, J. S. (2016).Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Principles of sustainable operations. Routledge. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H., Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 3-22. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Nickson, D. (2013).Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Oakland, J. S. (2014).Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. Osman, H., Johns, N., Lugosi, P. (2014). Commercial hospitality in destination experiences: McDonald's and tourists' consumption of space.Tourism Management,42, 238-247. Robinson, P., Fallon, P., Cameron, H., Crotts, J. C. (Eds.). (2016).Operations management in the travel industry. CABI. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith, M., Puczk, L. (2014).Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. Routledge. Thomas Cook | Package Holidays, Hotels and Flights, Cheap holidays. (2017).Thomascook.com. Retrieved 14 September 2017, from https://www.thomascook.com/ Tsaur, S. H., Lin, W. R. (2014). Selection criteria of an overseas travel intermediary for group package tours: Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,38(3), 283-303. Van der Wagen, L., Goonetilleke, A. (2015).Hospitality Management, Strategy and Operations. Pearson Higher Education AU. ONeill, J., McGinley, S. (2014). Operations research from 1913 to 2013: The Ford assembly line to hospitality industry innovation.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), 663-678. Wood, R. C. (Ed.). (2013).Key concepts in hospitality management. Sage. Wood, R. C. (Ed.). (2015).Hospitality Management: A Brief Introduction. Sage edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-7842246428280464682019-11-29T09:07:00.001-08:002019-11-29T09:07:03.289-08:00Effects Of Parental Alcoholism On Children Essays - Alcohol Abuse Effects Of Parental Alcoholism On Children The Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children Until rather recently, the impact of alcoholism was measured by its effect on the alcoholic, by days lost from work and highway fatalities. New research, however, has tended to concentrate on the impact of alcoholism on the family, especially the children of alcoholics. Numerous studies have reported on the familial transmission of alcoholism. It has been shown that alcoholics have more biological relatives with an alcohol problem than do nonalcoholic. Furthermore, these people have a higher probability for developing alcoholism earlier in their lives; and experiencing more severe effects of alcoholism (Jones-Saumty p.783). There are in the vicinity of twenty million children under eighteen years of age whom are growing up in households where one or both parents are alcoholic, in the United States alone. These children are the unwilling victims of a disease which generally is the center of their childhood existence, and therefore shapes their personality and behavior as adults. ?Because of the familial nature of alcoholism children have been identified to be of high risk for developing this illness? (Merikangas p.199). Unless something is done to break the patterns initiated during childhood, a significant percentage, (between 50%-60%), of those who don't become alcoholics themselves will marry an alcoholic upon reaching maturity, thereby continuing the cycle of abuse and depression. ?Studies of the development of drinking behavior recognize the formation of socially appropriate rules about the use of alcohol and the role of the parent behaviors and attitudes in determining drinking patterns? (Wilks & Callan p.326). In addition, ?Clustering of depression, alcoholism and antisocial personality within families has been frequently observed? (Merikangas p.199). Alcoholism is a disease of denial, that is, those suffering from it often refuse to admit they are affected by it. Alcoholics with a long history of family alcoholism have more sever symptoms and more social problems, versus those families without a history of family alcoholism. Parents in such a situation tend to insist to their children that their alcoholic symptoms are neither serious nor permanent in nature. Many alcoholics authentically believe that their alcoholism is hidden. This is further complicated by the fact ? that problem drinking is in part a function of the definition of oneself as deficient and the concept of alcohol as useful for altering the definition of oneself? (Cutter & O'Farrell p.321). Consequently, the children of alcoholic parents are confronted with various dilemmas. First, the child sees his parent[s] drinking in excess, while simultaneously denying the fact. Second, the child further observes the personality of his parent[s] significantly alter after the alcohol has taken effect, confusing the child to greater extent, (i.e. which is my ?real? dad?- from the child's point of view). In order to cope with the family situation, the child of an alcoholic parent generally learns to go along with the ?conspiracy? of denial and silence. Although, generally the pattern of secrecy which permits this to occur ultimately has affect on the child's future life. Unfortunately, the impact on children from families with an alcoholic parent is both enduring and direct. For instance, these children tend to drop out of school voluntarily in large numbers than any other group of children thus far studied in this correlation, (i.e., duration of voluntary schooling). This has been especially the situation with affected male children of alcoholic parents. ?It has been reported that family history positive men with alcoholism have had significantly more suspensions from school, poorer academic and social performance in school, and more premilitary antisocial behavior?(Cutter & O'Farrell p.305). As previously stated, these children, (those with alcoholic parents), also have a greater incidence of problems with alcohol and substance abuse themselves, in later life. This condition, in turn, leads to a greater risk of developing not only emotional problems but physical problems, as well. These problems range from the inability to establish rewarding long-term relationships to difficulty facing reality, traceable to early familial experiences. In many ways, childhood is abbreviated for children whose parents are alcoholics. They learn to parcel out feelings to avoid upsetting the alcoholic parent or to avoid being held responsible for triggering a bout of parental drinking. The manner in which the child relates and responds is too often determined by the state of the alcoholic, which can be rather unpredictable. The entire family is, in fact, engaged in a struggle to control an uncontrollable situation. As a result, the methods utilized by affected children to cope with their parent's alcoholism initiates a variety of behavior which inevitably proceeds into adulthood. The related problems of behavior and adaptation often are not distinguishable for ten or twenty years. Even in maturity, these individuals tend to be unable to trust their own perceptions or feelings. Often, edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-9238529762773137442019-11-25T14:47:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:47:05.239-08:00EMI and the CT Scanner Essay EssaysEMI and the CT Scanner Essay Essays EMI and the CT Scanner Essay Paper EMI and the CT Scanner Essay Paper In early 1972 there was considerable dissension among top direction at EMI Ltd. the UKbased music. electronics. and leisure company. The topic of the contention was the CT scanner. a new medical diagnostic imagination device that had been developed by the groupââ¬â¢s Central Research Laboratory ( CRL ) . At issue was the determination to come in this new concern. thereby establishing a variegation move that many felt was necessary if the company was to go on to thrive. Complicating the job was the fact that this radical new merchandise would non merely take EMI into the fast-changing and extremely competitory medical equipment concern. but would besides necessitate the company to set up operations in North America. a market in which it had no anterior experience. In March 1972 EMIââ¬â¢s board was sing an investing proposal for ?6 million to construct CT scanner fabricating installations in the United Kingdom. Development of the CT Scannercompany background and historyEMI Ltd traces its beginnings back to 1898. when the Gramophone Company was founded to import records and gramophones from the United States. It shortly established its ain fabrication and recording capablenesss. and after a 1931 amalgamation with its major challenger. the Columbia Gramophone Company. emerged as the Electric and Musical Industries. Ltd. EMI Ltd rapidly earned a repute as an aggressive technological pioneer. developing the automatic record modifier. two-channel records. magnetic recording tape. and the innovator commercial telecasting system adopted by the BBC in 1937. Get downing in 1939. EMIââ¬â¢s R A ; D capablenesss were redirected by the war attempt toward the development of fuses. airborne radio detection and ranging. and other sophisticated electronic devices. The company emerged from the war with an electronics concern. mostly geared to defenserelated merchandises. every bit good as its traditional amusement concerns. The passage to peacetime was peculiarly hard for the electronics division. and its hapless public presentation led to efforts to prosecute new industrial and consumer applications. EMI did some exciting pioneering work. and for a piece held hopes of being Britainââ¬â¢s taking computing machine company. Market leading in major electronics applications remained elusive. nevertheless. while the music concern boomed. The 1955 acquisition of Capitol Records in the United States. and the subsequent success of the Beatles and other entering groups under contract to EMI. put the company in a really strong fiscal place as it ent ered the seventiess. In 1970 the company had earned ?21 million before revenue enhancement on gross revenues of ?215 million. and although extraordinary losingss halved those net incomes in 1971. the company was optimistic for a return to old net income degrees in 1972 ( see exhibits 10. 1 to 10. 3 for EMIââ¬â¢s fiscal public presentation ) . Around that clip. a alteration in top direction signaled a alteration in corporate scheme. John Read. an accountant by developing and antecedently gross revenues manager for Ford of Great Britain. was appointed main executive officer after merely four old ages in the company. Read recognized the risky. even fickle. nature of the music concern. which accounted for two-thirds of EMIââ¬â¢s gross revenues and net incomes. In an attempt to alter the companyââ¬â¢s strategic balance. he began to deviate some of its significant hard currency flow into legion acquisitions and internal developments. To promote internal invention. Read established a research fund that was to be used to finance advanced developments outside the companyââ¬â¢s immediate involvements. Among the first undertakings financed was one proposed by Godfrey Hounsfield. a research scientist in EMIââ¬â¢s Central Research Laboratories ( CRL ) . Hounsfieldââ¬â¢s proposal opened up an chance for the company to diversify in the aggressive medical electronics field. ct scanning: the construct In simple footings. Hounsfieldââ¬â¢s research proposal was to analyze the possibility of making a threedimensional image of an object by taking multiple X-ray measurings of the object from different angles. so utilizing a computing machine to retrace a image from the informations contained in 100s of overlapping and crossing X-ray pieces. The construct became known as computerized imaging ( CT ) . Although computerized imaging represented a conceptual discovery. the engineerings it harnessed were rather good known and understood. Basically. it linked X-ray. informations processing. and cathode beam tubing show engineerings in a complex and precise mode. The existent development challenge consisted of incorporating the mechanical. electronic. and radiographic constituents into an accurate. dependable. and sensitive system. Figure 10. 1 provides a conventional representation of the EMI scanner. exemplifying the linkage of the three engineerings. every bit good as the patient managing table and X-ray gauntry. Advancement was rapid. and clinical tests of the CT scanner were under manner by late 1970. To capture the image of multiple pieces of the encephalon. the scanner went through a translate-rotate sequence. as illustrated in figure 10. 2. The X-ray beginning and sensor. located on opposite sides of the patientââ¬â¢s caput. were mounted on a gauntry. After each scan. or ââ¬Å"translation. â⬠had generated an X-ray image consisting 160 informations points. the gauntry would revolve 1à ° and another scan would be made. This process would go on through 180 interlingual renditions and rotary motions. hive awaying a sum of about 30. 000 information points. Since the detected strength of an X-ray varies with the stuff through which it passes. the information could be reconstructed by the computing machine into a threedimensional image of the object that distinguished bone. tissue. H2O. fat. and so on. At about the clip of the CT clinical tests. John Powell. once pull offing manager of Texas Instrumentââ¬â¢s English subordinate. joined EMI as proficient manager. He shortly became positive that the hapless profitableness of the unmilitary electronics concern was due to the diffusion of the companyââ¬â¢s 2. 500-person R A ; D capableness over excessively many diverse small-volume lines. In his words. ââ¬Å"EMI was devoted to excessively many merchandises and dedicated to excessively few. â⬠Because the CT scanner undertaking built on the companyââ¬â¢s significant and well-established elect ronics capableness. Powell believed it gave EMI an of import chance to come in an exciting new field. He felt that this was precisely the type of attempt in which the company should be prepared to put several million lbs. Diagnostic Imaging IndustryDuring the first half of the 20th century. diagnostic information about internal variety meats and maps was provided about entirely by conventional X-ray scrutiny. but in the sixtiess hostemostel. com and 1970s. several new imaging techniques emerged. When the CT scanner was announced. three other of import engineerings existed: X ray. atomic. and ultrasound. EMI direction believed its CT scanner would displace bing diagnostic imagination equipment in merely a few applications. specifically head and encephalon imagination. X ray In 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen discovered that beams generated by a cathode beam tubing could perforate solid objects and make an image on movie. Over the following 40 to 50 old ages. X-ray equipment was installed in about every health care installation in the universe. Despite its several restrictions ( chiefly due to the fact that item was obscured when 3-dimensional characteristics were superimposed on a planar image ) . X raies were universally used. In 1966 a Surgeon Generalââ¬â¢s study estimated that between one-third and one-half of all important medical determinations in the United States depended on reading of X-ray movies. That state entirely had more than 80. 000 X-ray installings in operation. executing about 150 million processs in 1970. The X-ray market was dominated by five major planetary companies. Mhos of West Germany was estimated to hold 22 per centum of the universe market. N. V. Philips of the Netherlands had 18 per centum. and Compagnie Generale de Radiologie ( CG E ) . subordinate of the Gallic elephantine Thomson Brandt. held 16 per centum. Although General Electric had an estimated 30 per centum of the big US market. its weak place abroad gave it merely 15 per centum of the universe market. The 5th largest company was Picker. with 20 per centum of the US market. but less than 12 percent worldwide. The size of the US market for X-ray equipment was estimated at $ 350 million in 1972. with an extra $ 350 million in X-ray supplies. The United States was thought to stand for 35ââ¬â 40 % of the universe market. Despite the adulthood of the merchandise. the X-ray market was turning by about 10 % yearly in dollar footings during the early 1970s. A conventional X-ray system represented a major capital outgo for a infirmary. with the mean system bing more than $ 100. 000 in 1973.In the mid-1960s a atomic diagnostic imagination process was developed. Radioisotopes with a short radioactive life were projected into the organic structure. detected and monitored on a screen. so recorded on movie or stored on a tape. Still in an early phase of development. this engineering was used to complement or. in some cases. replace a conventional X-ray diagnosing. Both inactive and dynamic images could be obtained. Following the open uping development of this field by Nuclear-Chicago. which sold the first atomic gamma camera in 1962. several other little rivals had entered the field. notably Ohio Nuclear. By the late sixtiess larger companies such as Picker were acquiring involved. and in 1971 GEââ¬â¢s Medical Systems Division announced programs to come in the atomic medical specialty field. As new rivals. big and little. entered the market. competition became more aggressive. The mean atomic camera and informations processing system sold for approximately $ 75. 000. By 1973. cargos of atomic imaging equipment into the US market were estimated to be over $ 50 million. Ultrasound had been used in medical diagnosing since the 1950s. and the engineering advanced significantly in the early 1970s. allowing better-defined images. The technique involves conveying sonic moving ridges and picking up the reverberations. which when converted to electric energy could make images. Air and bone frequently provide an acoustic barrier. restricting the usage of this technique. But because the patient was non exposed to radiation. it was widely used as a diagnostic tool in OBs and gynaecology. In 1973 the ultrasound market was really little. and merely a few little companies were reported in the field. Picker. nevertheless. was rumored to be making research in the country. The cost of the equipment was expected to be less than half that of a atomic camera and support system. and possibly a 3rd to a one-fourth that of an X-ray machine. Because of its size. edification. progressivity. and entree to financess. the US medical market clearly represented the major chance for a new device such as the CT scanner. EMI direction was unsure about the gross revenues potency for their new merchandise. nevertheless. As of 1972. there were about 7. 000 infirmaries in the United States. runing from bantam rural infirmaries with fewer than 10 beds to giant learning establishments with 1. 000 beds or more ( see table 10. 1 ) . Since the monetary value of the EMI Scanner was expected to be around $ 400. 000. merely the largest and financially strongest short-run establishments would be able to afford one. But the company was encouraged by the enthusiasm of the doctors who had seen and worked with the scanner. In the sentiment of one prima American brain doctor. at least 170 machines would be required by major US infirmaries. Indeed. he speculated. the clip might come when a brain doctor would experience ethically compelled to order a CT scan before doing a diagnosing. During the 1960s the radiology sections in many infirmaries were recognized as of import money-making operations. Increasingly. radiotherapists were able to committee equipment makers to construct specially designed ( frequently esoteric ) X-ray systems and applications. As their budgets expanded. the size of the US X ray market grew from $ 50 million in 1958 to $ 350 million in 1972. Of the 15. 000 radiotherapists in the United States. 60 per centum were chiefly based in offices and 40 per centum in infirmaries. Small incursion of private clinics was foreseen for the CT scanner. Apart from these wide statistics.EMI had small ability to calculate the potency of the US market for scanners. EMIââ¬â¢s Investment Decisionconflicting direction positionsBy late 1971 it was clear that the clinical tests were successful and EMI direction had to make up ones mind whether to do the investing required to develop the CT scanner concern. One group of senior directors felt that direct EMI engagement was unwanted for three grounds. First. EMI lacked medical merchandise experience. In the early 1970s EMI offered merely two really little medical merchandises. a patient-monitoring device and an infrared thermography device. which together represented less than 0. 5 per centum of the companyââ¬â¢s gross revenues. Second. they argued that the fabrication procedure would be rather different from EMIââ¬â¢s experience. Most of its electronics work had been in the occupation store manner required in bring forthing little Numberss of extremely specialized defence merchandises on cost-plus authorities contracts. In scanner production. most of the constituents were purchased from subco ntractors and had to be integrated into a operation system. Finally. many believed that without a working cognition of the North American market. where most of the demand for scanners was expected to be. EMI might happen it really hard to construct an effectual operation from abrasion. Among the strongest oppositions of EMIââ¬â¢s self-development of this new concern was one of the scannerââ¬â¢s earliest patrons. Dr Broadway. caput of the Central Research Laboratory. He emphasized that EMIââ¬â¢s possible rivals in the field had well greater proficient capablenesss and resources. As the major advocate. John Powell needed converting market information to counter the critics. In early 1972 he asked some of the senior directors how many scanners they thought the company would sell in its first 12 months. Their first estimation was five. Powell told them to believe once more. They came back with a figure of 12. and were once more sent back to reconsider. Finally. with an estimation of 50. Powell felt he could travel to bat for the ?6 million investing. since at this gross revenues degree he could project fine-looking net incomes from twelvemonth one. He so prepared an statement that justified the scannerââ¬â¢s tantrum with EMIââ¬â¢s overall aims. and outli ned a basic scheme for the concern. Powell argued that self-development of the CT scanner represented merely the kind of vehicle EMI had been seeking to supply some focal point to its development attempt. By definition. variegation off from bing product-market countries would travel the company into slightly unfamiliar district. but he steadfastly believed that the fiscal and strategic final payments would be immense. The merchandise offered entree to planetary markets and an entry into the moneymaking medical equipment field. He felt the companyââ¬â¢s aim should be to accomplish a significant portion of the universe medical electronics concern non merely in diagnostic imagination. but besides through the extension of its engineerings into computerized patient planning and radiation therapy. Powell claimed that the expertness developed by Hounsfield and his squad. coupled with protection from patents. would give EMI three or four old ages. and possibly many more. to set up a solid market place. He argued that investings should be made rapidly and boldly to maximise the market portion of the EMI scanner before rivals entered. Other options. such as licensing. would hinder the development of the scanner. If the licensees were the major Xray equipment providers. they might non advance the scanner sharply since it would cannibalise their gross revenues of X-ray equipment and consumables. Smaller companies would miss EMIââ¬â¢s sense of committedness and urgency. Besides. licensing would non supply EMI with the major strategic variegation it was seeking. It would be. in Powellââ¬â¢s words. ââ¬Å"selling our birthright. â⬠the proposed schemeBecause the CT scanner incorporated a complex integrating of some engineerings in which EMI had merely limited expertness. Powell proposed that the fabrication scheme should trust to a great extent on outside beginnings of those constituents instead than seeking to develop the expertness internally. This attack would non merely minimise hazard. but would besides do it possible to implement a fabrication plan quickly. He proposed the construct of developing assorted ââ¬Å"centers of excellenceâ⬠both inside and outside the company. doing each responsible for the continued high quality of the subsystem it manufactured. For illustration. within the EMI UK organisation a unit called SE Labs. which manufactured instruments and shows. would go the centre of excellence for the scannerââ¬â¢s sing console and show control. Pantak. an EMI unit with a capableness in X-ray tubing assembly. would go the centre of excellence for the X-ray coevals and sensing subsystem. An outside seller with which the company had worked in developing the scanner would be the centre of excellence for informations processing. Finally. a freshly created division would be responsible for organizing these subsystem makers. incorporating the assorted constituents. and piecing the concluding scanner at a company installation in the town of Hayes. non far from the CRL site. Powell emphasized that the low initial investing was possible because most of the constituents and subsystems were purchased from contractors and sellers. Even internal centres of excellence such as SE Labs and Pantak assembled their subsystems from purchased constituents. Overall. outside sellers accounted for 75ââ¬â80 per centum of the scannerââ¬â¢s fabrication cost. Although Powell felt his agreement greatly reduced EMIââ¬â¢s hazard. the ?6 hostemostel. com million investing was a significant 1 for the company. stand foring about half the financess available for capital investing over the approaching twelvemonth. ( See exhibit 10. 2 for a balance sheet and exhibit 10. 3 for a jutting financess flow. ) The engineering scheme was to maintain CRL as the companyââ¬â¢s centre of excellence for design and package expertness. and to utilize the significant net incomes Powell was projecting from even the earliest gross revenues to keep technological leading place. Powell would personally head up a squad to develop a selling scheme. Clearly. the United States had to be the chief focal point of EMIââ¬â¢s selling activity. Its neuroradiologists were regarded as universe leaders and tended to welcome technological invention. Furthermore. its establishments were more commercial in their mentality than those in other states and tended to hold more available financess. Powell planned to put up a US gross revenues subordinate every bit shortly as possible. enrolling gross revenues and service forces familiar with the North American health care market. Given the involvement shown to day of the month in the EMI scanner. he did non believe there would be much trouble in deriving the attending and involvement of the medical community. Geting the $ 400. 000 orders. nevertheless. would be more of a challenge. In simple footings. Powellââ¬â¢s gross revenues scheme was to acquire machines into a few esteemed mention infirmaries. so construct from that base. the determinationIn March 1972 EMIââ¬â¢s main executive. John Read. considered Powellââ¬â¢s proposal in readying for a board meeting. Be this the variegation chance he had been trusting for? What were the hazards? Could they be managed? How? If he decided to endorse the proposal. what sort of an execution plan would be necessary to guarantee its eventual success? Case BThe twelvemonth 1977 looked like it would be a really good one for EMI Medical Inc. . a North American subordinate of EMI Ltd. EMIââ¬â¢s CT scanner had met with tremendous success in the American market. In the three old ages since the scannerââ¬â¢s debut. EMI medical electronics gross revenues had grown to ?42 million. Although this represented merely 6 per centum of entire gross revenues. this new concern contributed pretax net incomes of ?12. 5 million. about 20 per centum of the corporate sum ( exhibit 10. 4 ) . EMI Medical Inc. was thought to be responsible for about 80 per centum of entire scanner volume. And with an order backlog of more than 300 units. the hereafter seemed rose-colored. Despite this formidable success. senior direction in both the subordinate and the parent company were concerned about several developments. First. this fast-growth field had attracted more than a twelve new entrants in the past two old ages. and technological progresss were happeni ng quickly. At the same clip. the turning political argument over infirmary cost containment frequently focused on $ 500. 000 CT scanners as an illustration of questionable infirmary disbursement. Finally. EMI was get downing to experience some internal organisational strains. Entry Decision merchandise launchFollowing months of argument among EMIââ¬â¢s top direction. the determination to travel in front with the EMI Scanner undertaking was assured when John Read. the company CEO. gave his support to Dr Powellââ¬â¢s proposal. In April 1972 a formal imperativeness proclamation was greeted by a response that could merely be described as overpowering. EMI was flooded with enquiries from the medical and fiscal communities. and from most of the big diagnostic imagination companies desiring to licence the engineering. enter into joint ventures. or at least administer the merchandise. The response was that the company had decided to come in the concern straight itself. Immediately action was implemented to set Dr Powellââ¬â¢s fabrication scheme into operation. Manufacturing installations were developed and provide contracts drawn up with the aim of get downing cargos within 12 months. In May. Godfrey Hounsfield. the superb EMI scientist who had developed the scanner. was dispatched to the US accompanied by a taking English brain doctor. The American specializers with whom they spoke confirmed that the scanner had great medical importance. Interest was running high in the medical community. In December. EMI mounted a show at the one-year meeting of the Radiological Society of North America ( RSNA ) . The exhibit was the high spot of the show. and boosted managementââ¬â¢s assurance to set up a US gross revenues company to perforate the American medical market. us market entry In June 1973. with an impressive heap of gross revenues leads and enquiries. a little gross revenues office was established in Reston. Virginia. place of the freshly appointed US gross revenues subdivision director. Mr Gus Pyber. Earlier that month the first North American caput scanner had been installed at the esteemed Mayo Clinic. with a 2nd machine promised to the Massachusetts General Hospital for tests. Interest was high. and the new gross revenues force had small trouble acquiring into the offices of taking radiotherapists and brain doctors. By the terminal of the twelvemonth. nevertheless. Mr Pyber had been fired in a difference over appropriate disbursal degrees. and James Gallagher. a former selling director with a major drug company. was hired to replace him. One of Gallagherââ¬â¢s first stairss was to convert the company that the Chicago country was a far better location for the US office. It allowed better service of a national market. was a major centre for medical electronics companies. and had more convenient linkages with London. This last point was of import since all major strategic and policy determinations were being made straight by Dr Powell in London. During 1974. Gallagher concentrated on recruiting and developing his three-man gross revenues force and two-man service organisation. The cost of keeping each salesman on the route was estimated at $ 50. 000. while a servicemanââ¬â¢s wage and disbursals at that clip were about $ 35. 000 yearly. The production rate for the scanner was running at a rate of merely three or four machines a month. and Gallagher saw small point in developing a immense gross revenues force to sell a merchandise for which supply was limited. and involvement apparently boundless. In this sellerââ¬â¢s market the company developed some policies that were new to the industry. Most notably. they required that the client sedimentation tierce of the purchase monetary value with the order to vouch a topographic point in the production agenda. Gross saless leads and questions were followed up when the gross revenues force could acquire to them. and the general attitude of the company seemed to hold slightly of a ââ¬Å"take it or go forth itâ⬠tone. It was in this period that EMI developed a repute for haughtiness in some parts of the medical profession. However. by June 1974 the company had delivered 35 scanners at $ 390. 000 each. and had another 60 orders in manus. Developing Challengescompetitory challengeToward the terminal of 1974. the first competitory scanners were announced. Unlike the EMI scanner. the new machines were designed to scan the organic structure instead than the caput. The Acta- Scanner had been developed at Georgetown Universityââ¬â¢s Medical Center and was manufactured by a little Maryland company called Digital Information Sciences Corporation ( DISCO ) . Technologically. it offered small progress over the EMI scanner except for one of import characteristic. Its gauntry design would suit a organic structure instead than a caput. While specifications on scan clip and image composing were indistinguishable to those of the EMI scanner. the $ 298. 000 monetary value tickets gave the Acta-Scanner a large advantage. peculiarly with smaller infirmaries and private practicians. The DeltaScan offered by Ohio Nuclear ( ON ) represented an even more formidable challenge. This caput and organic structure scanner had 256 ? 256 pels compared with EMIââ¬â¢s 160 ? 160. and promised a 21/2-minute scan instead than the 41/2-minute scan clip offered by EMI. ON offered these superior characteristics on a unit priced $ 5. 000 below the EMI scanner at $ 385. 000. Many directors at EMI were surprised by the velocity with which these merchandises had appeared. hardly two old ages after the EMI scanner was exhibited at the RSNA meeting in Chicago. and 18 months after the first machine was installed in the Mayo Clinic. The beginning of the challenge was besides interesting. DISCO was a bantam private company. and ON contributed about 20 per centum of its parent Technicareââ¬â¢s 1974 gross revenues of $ 50 million. To some. the biggest surprise was how closely these competitory machines resembled EMIââ¬â¢s ain scanner. The complex wall of patents had non provided a really abiding defence. ON tackled the issue straight in its 1975 one-year study. After denoting that $ 882. 200 had been spent in Technicareââ¬â¢s R A ; D Center to develop DeltaScan. the study stated: Patents have non played a important function in the development of Ohio Nuclearââ¬â¢s merchandise line. and it is non believed that the cogency or invalidness of any patents known to be is material to its current market place. However. the engineerings on which its merchandises are based are sufficiently complex and application of patent jurisprudence sufficiently indefinite that this belief is non free from all uncertainty. The challenge represented by these new competitory merchandises caused EMI to rush up the proclamation of the organic structure scanner Dr Hounsfield had been working on. The new CT 5000 theoretical account incorporated a second-generation engineering in which multiple beams of radiation were shot at multiple sensors. instead than the individual pencil beam and the individual sensor of the original scanner ( see exhibit 10. 5 ) . This technique allowed the gauntry to revolve 10à ° instead than là ° after each interlingual rendition. cutting scan clip from 41/2 proceedingss to 20 seconds. In add-on. the multiple-beam emanation besides permitted a finer image declaration by increasing the figure of pels from 160 ? 160 to 320 ? 320. Priced over $ 500. 000. the CT 5000 received a standing ovation when Hounsfield demonstrated it at the radiological meetings held in Bermuda in May 1975. Despite EMIââ¬â¢s reaffirmation of its leading place. aggressive competitory activity continued. In March 1975. Pfizer Inc. . the $ 1. 5 billion drug giant. announced it had acquired the fabrication and selling rights for the Acta-Scanner. EMI was so runing at an one-year production rate of 150 units. and ON had announced programs to duplicate capacity to 12 units per month by early 1976. Pfizerââ¬â¢s capacity programs were unknown. The most dramatic competitory disclosure came at the one-year RSNA meeting in December 1975. when six new rivals displayed CT scanners. Although none of the fledglings offered immediate bringing. all were booking orders with bringing dates up to 12months out on the footing of their spec sheets and paradigm or mock-up equipment exhibits. Some of the new entrants ( Syntex. Artronix. and Neuroscan ) were smaller companies. but others ( General Electric. Picker. and Varian ) were major medical electronics rivals. Possibly most impressive was the General Electric CT/T scanner. which took the infant engineering into its 3rd coevals ( see exhibit 10. 6 ) . By utilizing a 30à °-wide pulsed fan X-ray beam. the GE scanner could avoid the time-consuming ââ¬Å"translate-rotateâ⬠sequence of the firstand second-generation scanners. A individual uninterrupted 360à ° expanse could be completed in 4. 8 seconds. and the resulting image was reconstructed by the computing machine in a 320 ? 320 pel matrix on a cathode beam tubing. The unit was priced at $ 615. 000. Clinical tests were scheduled for January. and cargo of production units was being quoted for mid-1976. The reaching of GE on the skyline signaled the beginning of a new competitory game. With a 300-person gross revenues force and a service web of 1. 200. GE clearly had selling musculus. They had reputedly exhausted $ 15 million developing their third-generation scanner. and were go oning to pass at a rate of $ 5 million yearly to maintain in front technologically. During 1975. one industry beginning estimated. about 150 new scanners were installed in the US. and more than twice as many orders entered. ( Orders were house. since most were secured with brawny front-end deposits. ) Overall. orders were split reasonably equally between encephalon and organic structure scanners. EMI was thought to hold accounted for more than 50 per centum of orders taken in 1975. ON for about 30 per centum. Market size and growingAccurate appraisals of market size. growing rate. and competitorsââ¬â¢ portions were hard to obtain. The undermentioned represents a sample of the widely changing prognosiss made in late 1975: Wall Street was clearly enamored with the industry chances ( Technicareââ¬â¢s stock monetary value rose from 5 to 22 in six months ) and analysts were foretelling an one-year market potency of $ 500 million to $ 1 billion by 1980. Frost and Sullivan. nevertheless. saw a US market of merely $ 120 million by 1980. with 10 old ages of cumulative gross revenues merely making $ 1 billion by 1984 ( 2. 500 units at $ 400. 000 ) . Some prima radiotherapists suggested that CT scanners could be standard equipment in all short-run infirmaries with 200 beds or more by 1985. Technicareââ¬â¢s president. Mr R. T. Grimm. calculate a world-wide market of over $ 700 million by 1980. of which $ 400 million would be in the US. Despite the proficient restrictions of its first-generation merchandise. Pfizer said it expected to sell more than 1. 500 units of its Acta-Scanner over the following five old ages. Within EMI. market prognosiss had changed well. By late 1975. the estimation of the US market had been boosted to 350 units a twelvemonth. of which EMI hoped to retain a 50 per centum portion. Management was acutely cognizant of the trouble of calculating in such a disruptive environment. nevertheless. international enlargementNew rivals besides challenged EMIââ¬â¢s places in markets outside the US. Siemens. the $ 7 billion West German company. became ONââ¬â¢s international distributer. The distribution understanding appeared to be one of short-run convenience for both parties. since Siemens acknowledged that it was developing its ain CT scanner. Philips. excessively. had announced its purpose to come in the field. Internationally. EMI had maintained its basic scheme of traveling direct to the national market instead than working through local spouses or distributers. Although all European gross revenues had originally been handled out of the UK office. it rapidly became apparent that local service staffs were required in most states. Soon separate subordinates were established in most Continental European states. typically with a twosome of salesmen. and three or four military mans. Elsewhere in the universe. salesmen were frequently attached to EMIââ¬â¢s bing music organisation in that state ( e. g. . in South Africa. Australia. and Latin America ) . In Japan. nevertheless. EMI signed a distribution understanding with Toshiba which. in October 1975. submitted the largest individual order to day of the month: a petition for 33 scanners. EMI in 1976: Scheme and Challengesemiââ¬â¢s state of affairs in 1976By 1976 the CT scanner concern was germinating quickly. but. as the consequences indicated. EMI had done highly good financially ( exhibit 10. 5 ) . In reexamining developments since the US market entry. the followers was clear: While smaller rivals had challenged EMI slightly earlier than might hold been expected. none of the large diagnostic imagination companies had brought its scanner to market. even four old ages after the original EMI scanner proclamation. While engineering was germinating quickly. the expertness of Hounsfield and his CRL group. and the aggressive reinvestment of much of the early net incomes in R A ; D. gave EMI a strong technological place. While market size and growing were extremely unsure. the potency was unimpeachably much larger than EMI had forecast in their early programs. In all. EMI was good established. with a strong and turning gross revenues volume and a good proficient repute. The company was unimpeachably the industry leader. Nonetheless. in the visible radiation of all the developments. the strategic undertakings confronting EMI in 1976 differed well from those of earlier old ages. The undermentioned paragraphs outline the most of import challenges and jobs confronting the company in this period. strategic precedencesEMIââ¬â¢s first gross revenues precedence was to protect its bing extremely seeable and esteemed client base from rivals. When its second-generation scanner was introduced in mid-1975. EMI promised to upgrade without charge the first-generation equipment already purchased by its established clients. Although each of these 120 ascents was estimated to be EMI $ 60. 000 in constituents and installing costs. the US gross revenues organisation felt that the disbursal was indispensable to keep the assurance and good religion of this of import nucleus group of clients. To keep its leading image. the US company besides expanded its service organisation well. Get downing in early 1976. new regional and territory gross revenues and service offices were opened with the aim of supplying clients with the best service in the industry. A typical one-year service contract cost the hospital $ 40. 000 per scanner. By yearââ¬â¢s terminal. the company boasted 20 service centre s with 150 service applied scientists ââ¬â a ratio that represented one military man for every two or three machines installed. The gross revenues force by this clip had grown to 20. and was much more client oriented. Another of import undertaking was to better bringing public presentation. The interval between order and promised bringing had been lengthening ; at the same clip. promised bringing day of the months were frequently missed. By late 1975. it was non unusual for a 6-month promise to change over into a 12- or 15month existent bringing clip. Fortunately for EMI. all CT makers were in backorder and were offering drawn-out bringing day of the months. However. EMIââ¬â¢s hapless public presentation in meeting promised day of the months was aching its repute. The company responded by well spread outing its production installations. By mid-1976 there were six fabrication locations in the UK. yet because of go oning jobs with component providers. combined capacity for caput and organic structure scanners was estimated at less than 20 units a month.Organizational and forces issuesAs the US gross revenues organisation became progressively frustrated. they began pressing top direction to fabricate scanners in North America. Believing that the merchandise had reached the necessary degree of adulthood. Dr Powell judged that the clip was mature to set up a US works to manage at least concluding assembly and trial operations. A Northbrook. Illinois site was chosen. Powell had become EMIââ¬â¢s pull offing manager and was more determined than of all time to do the new medical electronics concern a success. A capable director was urgently needed to head the concern. peculiarly in position of the rapid developments in the critical North American market. Consequently. Powell was delighted when Normand Provost. who had been his foreman at Texas Instruments. contacted him at the Bermuda radiological meeting in March 1975. He was hired with the hope that he could construct a stronger. more incorporate US company. With the Northbrook works scheduled to get down operations by mid-1976. Normand Provost began engaging skilled production forces. A Northbrook merchandise development centre was besides a vision of Provostââ¬â¢s to let EMI to pull on US proficient expertness and experience in solid province electronics and informations processing. and the company began seeking people with strong technological and scientific backgrounds. Having hired Provost. Dr Powell made several of import organisational alterations aimed at easing the medical electronics businessââ¬â¢s growing and development. In the UK. he announced the creative activity of a separate medical electronics group. This allowed the separate operating companies. EMI Medical Ltd ( antecedently known as the X-Ray Systems Division ) . Pantak ( EMI ) Ltd. SE Labs ( EMI ) Lt. . and EMI Meterflow Ltd. to be grouped together under a individual group executive. John Willsher. ( See exhibit 10. 6. ) At last. a more incorporate scanner concern seemed to be emerging organizationally. The US gross revenues subordinate was folded into a new company. EMI Medical Inc. . but continued to run as a separate entity. The purpose was to develop this company as an integrated diversified medical electronics operation. Jim Gallagher. the general director of the US operations. was fired and Bob Hagglund became president of EMI Medical Inc. While Gallagher had been an effectual salesman. Powell thought the company needed a more rounded general director in its following stage of enlargement. Hagglund. antecedently executive frailty president of G. D. Searleââ¬â¢s diagnostic concern. seemed to hold the broader background and mentality required to pull off a larger incorporate operation. He reported through Provost back to Dr Powell in the UK. While Provostââ¬â¢s initial assignment was to set up the new fabrication and research installations in the US. it was widely assumed within EMI that he was being groomed to take duty for the companyââ¬â¢s medical electronics concern s worldwide. However. in April 1976. while sing London to discourse advancement. Provost died of a bosom onslaught. As a consequence. the US and UK organisations reported individually to Dr Powell. merchandise variegationSince EMI wished to utilize the scanner as a agency to go a major force in medical electronics. Powell argued that some bold external moves were needed to protect the companyââ¬â¢s leading place. In March 1976. EMI acquired for $ 2 million ( ?1. 1 million ) SHM Nuclear Corporation. a California-based company that had developed additive gas pedals for malignant neoplastic disease therapy and computerized radiation therapy be aftering systems. Although the SHM merchandise line needed significant farther development. the hope was that associating such systems to the CT scanner would allow a synchronised location and intervention of malignant neoplastic disease. Six months subsequently EMI paid ?6. 5 million to get an extra 60 per centum of Nuclear Enterprises Ltd. an Edinburgh-based provider of ultrasound equipment. In the 1976 one-year study. Sir John Read. now EMIââ¬â¢s president. reaffirmed his support for Dr Powellââ¬â¢s scheme: We have every ground to believe that this new grouping of scientific and technological resources will turn out of national benefit in procuring a turning portion of worldwide markets for high-technology productsâ⬠¦ Future ProspectsAt the stopping point of 1976. EMIââ¬â¢s medical electronics concern was transcending all outlooks. In merely three old ages. gross revenues of electronics merchandises had risen from ?84 million to ?207 million ; a big portion of this addition was due to the scanner. Even more impressive. net incomes of the electronics line had risen from ?5. 2 million in 1972/73 to ?26. 4 million in 1975/76. leaping from 16 to 40 per centum of the corporate sum. Rather than dwindling. involvement in scanners seemed to be increasing. Although the company had sold around 450 scanners over the past three old ages ( over 300 in the US entirely ) . its order backlog was estimated to be 300 units. At the December 1976 RSNA meeting. 120 of the 280 documents presented were related to CT scanning. As he reviewed the medical electronics concern he had built. Dr Powell was by and large pleased with the manner in which the company had met the challenges of being a innovator in a new industry section. However. there were several developments that he felt would necessitate considerable attending over the following few old ages. First. Powell felt that competitory activity would go on to show a challenge ; second. some alterations in the US regulative environment concerned him ; and eventually. he was cognizant that the recent organisation alterations had created some strains. competitory jobsBy the terminal of 1976. EMI had delivered 450 of the 650-odd scanners installed worldwide. yet its market portion had dropped to 56 per centum in 1975/76 ( 198 of 352 scanners sold that June-to-June period were EMIââ¬â¢s ) . The company gained some solace from the fact that despite their premium pricing scheme and their bringing jobs. they had conceded less than half the entire market to the combined competitory field. They besides felt some sense of security in the 300 orders they held expecting bringing. Nonetheless. Sir John Read was clearly concerned: [ We are good cognizant of the developing competition. Our research plan is being to the full sustained to guarantee our continued leadershipâ⬠¦ In mid-1976. the company announced its purpose ââ¬Å"to protect its innovations and asseverate its patent strength. â⬠and later filed suit against Ohio Nuclear claiming patent violation. However. at the same clip. EMI issued a statement proclaiming that ââ¬Å"it was the companyââ¬â¢s want to do its pioneering scanner patents available to all under suited licensing agreements. â⬠At the one-year RSNA meeting in December 1976. 16 rivals exhibited scanners. The yearââ¬â¢s new entrants ( including CGR. the Gallic X-ray giant ; Hitachi from Japan ; and G. D. Searle. the US drug and infirmary equipment company ) were non yet doing bringings. nevertheless. The industryââ¬â¢s possible production capacity was now estimated to be over 900 units yearly. GEââ¬â¢s much-publicized entry was already six months behind their proclaimed bringing day of the month. but it was strongly rumored that production cargos of GEââ¬â¢s third-generation scanner were approximately to ge t down. EMI Medical Inc. awaited that event with some trepidation. ( A sum-up of major rivals and their state of affairss as of 1976 is presented in table 10. 2. ) Regulatory jobsBy mid-1976 there were indicants that authorities might seek to exercise a tighter control over hospital disbursement in general. and purchase of CT scanners in peculiar. The quickly intensifying cost of health care had been a political issue for old ages. and the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 needed provinces to command the development of dearly-won or unneeded wellness services through a mechanism known as the Certificate of Need ( CON ) process. If they wished to measure up for Medicare or Medicaid reimbursements. health care installations were required to subject certification to their stateââ¬â¢s section of wellness to warrant major capital outgos ( typically in surplus of $ 100. 000 ) . Before 1976. the CON processs had by and large been simply an administrative hindrance to the procedure of selling a scanner. detaining but non forestalling the mandate of financess. However. by 1976. the cost of medical attention represented 8 per centum of the gross national merchandise and Jimmy Carter made control of the ââ¬Å"skyrocketing costs of healthcareâ⬠a major run issue. One of the most often cited illustrations of waste was the proliferation of CT scanners. It was argued that this $ 500. 000 device had become a symbol of prestigiousness and edification in the medical community. so that every establishment wanted its ain scanner. even if a adjacent installation had one that was grossly underutilized. In response to heightened public consciousness of the issue. five provinces declared a moratorium on the purchase of new scanners. including California. which had accounted for over 20 per centum of entire US scanner arrangements to day of the month. In November. Jimmy Carter was elected president. organisational jobs Possibly most troublesome to Dr Powell were the organisational jobs. Tensions within the EMI organisation had been developing for some clip. focus oning on the issues of fabrication and merchandise design. Directors in the US company felt that they had small control over fabrication agendas and small input into merchandise design. despite the fact that they were responsible for 80 per centum of corporate scanner gross revenues. In their position. the companyââ¬â¢s current market place was being eroded by the declining fabrication bringing public presentation from the UK. while its longer-term chances were threatened by the competitory challenges to EMIââ¬â¢s technological leading. Although the Northbrook works had been completed in late 1976. United states directors were still non satisfied they had the necessary control over production. Arguing that the quality of subassemblies and constituents shipped from the UK was deteriorating and bringing promises were going even more undependable. they began look intoing surrogate supply beginnings in the US. UK-based fabrication directors felt that much of the duty for backlogs lay with the merchandise applied scientists and the gross revenues organisations. Their undependable gross revenues prognosiss and invariably altering design specifications had badly disrupted production agendas. The worst constrictions involved outside providers and subcontractors that were unable to pitch up and down overnight. Complete systems could be held up for hebdomads or months expecting a individual simple constituent. As the Northbrook works became progressively independent. US directors sensed that the UK workss felt less duty for them. In tight supply state of affairss they felt there was a inclination to transport to European or other export clients foremost. Some United states directors besides believed that constituents were progressively shipped from UK workss without the same stiff concluding cheques they usually received. The premise was that the US could make their ain QC checking. it was asserted. Both these averments were strongly denied by the English group. Nonetheless. Bob Hagglund shortly began pressing Dr Powell to allow EMI Medical Inc. become a more independent fabrication operation instead than merely a concluding assembly works for UK constituents. This chance disturbed John Willsher. pull offing manager of EMI Medical Ltd. who argued that spliting fabrication operations could intend doubling overhead and distributing bing expertness excessively thin. Others felt that the ââ¬Å"bootleg developmentâ⬠of alternate supply beginnings showed a discourtesy for the ââ¬Å"center of excellenceâ⬠construct. and could easy compromise the ability of Pantak ( X-ray engineering ) and SE Labs ( shows ) to stay at the head of engineering. Product development issues besides created some organisational tenseness. The US gross revenues organisation knew that GEââ¬â¢s impressive new third-generation ââ¬Å"fan beamâ⬠scanner would shortly be ready for bringing. and found clients hesitant to perpetrate to EMIââ¬â¢s new CT 5005 until the GE merchandise came out. For months teletypewriters had been fluxing from Northbrook to EMIââ¬â¢s Central Research Laboratories inquiring if drastic decreases in scan clip might be possible torun into the GE menace. Meanwhile. scientists at CRL felt that US CT competition was developing into a specifications war based on the incorrect issue. scan clip. Shorter elapsed times meant less image blurring. but in the tradeoff between scan clip and image declaration. EMI applied scientists had preferred to concentrate on better-quality images. They felt that the 20-second scan offered by EMI scanners made practical sense since a patient could typically keep his breath that long while being diagnosed. CRL staff were researching some wholly new imaging constructs and hoped to hold a wholly new scanning engineering ready to market in three or four old ages. Dr Hounsfield had conducted experiments with the fan beam construct in the early 1970s and was disbelieving of its ability to bring forth good-quality images. To utilize sodium iodide sensors similar to those in bing scanners would be cost prohibitory in the big Numberss necessary to pick up a wide scan ; to utilize other stuffs such as xenon gas would take to quality and stableness jobs. in Hounsfieldââ¬â¢s position. Since GE and others offering third-generation equipment had non yet delivered commercial machines. he felt small inducement to airt his staff to these countries already researched and rejected. There were many other demands on the clip and attending of Hounsfield and his staff. all of which seemed of import for the company. They were in changeless demand by technicians to cover with major jobs that arose that cipher else could work out. Gross saless people wanted him to speak to their largest and most esteemed clients. since a visit by Dr Hounsfield could frequently swing an of import sale. They were besides involved in internal preparation on all new merchandises. The scientific community wanted them to show documents and give talks. And progressively. Dr Hounsfield found himself in a public dealingss function as he accepted awards from all over the Earth. The impact was to greatly heighten EMIââ¬â¢s repute and to reenforce its image as the leader in the field. When it appeared that CRL was unwilling or unable to do the merchandise changes the US organisation felt it needed. Hagglund made the bold proposal that the freshly established research research labs in Northbrook take duty for developing a three- to five-second-scan ââ¬Å"fan beamâ⬠-type scanner. Dr Powell agreed to analyze the suggestion. but was happening it hard to measure the comparative virtues of the US subsidiaryââ¬â¢s positions and the CRL scientistsââ¬â¢ sentiments. By yearââ¬â¢s terminal. Dr Powell had still been unable to happen anybody to take charge of the worldwide medical electronics concern. By default. the chief decision-making forum became the Medical Group Review Committee ( MGRC ) . a group of cardinal line and staff directors which met. monthly at first. to assist set up and reexamine strategic determinations. Among the issues discussed by this commission were the fabrication and merchandise development determinations that had produced tensenesss between the US and UK directors. Powell had hoped that the MGRC would assist construct communications and consensus among his directors. but it shortly became apparent that this end was unrealistic. In the words of one director stopping point to the events: The job was there was no common regard between directors with similar duties. Medical Ltd was resentful of Medical Inc. ââ¬â¢s push for greater independency. and were non traveling to travel out of their manner to assist the Americans win. As the concern grew larger and more complex. Dr Powellââ¬â¢s ability to move both as corporate Chief executive officer and caput of the worldwide medical concern diminished. Increasingly. he was forced to trust on the MGRC to turn to runing jobs every bit good as strategic issues. The coordination job became so complex that. by early 1977. there were four subcommittees of the MGRC. each with representatives of the US and UK organisations. and each meeting monthly on one side of the Atlantic or the other. Committees included Manufacturing and Operations. Product Planning and Resources. Selling and Gross saless Programs. and Service and Spares. powellââ¬â¢s jobs As the new twelvemonth opened. Dr Powell reviewed EMIââ¬â¢s medical electronics concern. How good was it positioned? Where were the major menaces and chances? What were the cardinal issues he should cover with in 1977? Which should he undertake foremost. and how? These were the issues he turned over in his head as he prepared to observe down his programs for 1977. Assistant Professor Christopher A. Bartlett prepared this instance as a footing for category treatment instead than to exemplify either effectual or uneffective handling of an administrative state of affairs. Information was obtained from public beginnings and 3rd parties. Although employees of the capable company discussed with the research worker events referred to in the instance. they did non take part in the readying of the papers. The analysis. decisions. and sentiments stated do non needfully represent those of the company. its employees or agents. or employees or agents of its subordinates. Thorn EMI PLC. on its ain behalf and on behalf of all or any of its present or former subordinates. disclaims any duty for the affairs included or referred to in the survey. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-17497151482288740452019-11-21T22:11:00.001-08:002019-11-21T22:11:02.348-08:00Top Quality Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsTop Quality Management - Research Paper Example The leadership of the organization is therefore charged with the responsibility of ensuring that all the programs run as intended. Without doubt, the importance of this practice is seen in the success of organizations that have always been at the forefront in terms of quality and performance. Introduction The modern business environment demands more than conventional tactics and strategies. Globalization and economic liberalization have made the business environment more competitive and intricate to the extent that new strategies of operations become certainly imperative. In this regard, quality is one of the most important considerations as a way of creating a competitive advantage and retaining customers. The need to ensure high quality standards has become one of the core concerns for most modern organizations. In any case, Total Quality Management (TQM) calls for a number of strategies which can be adopted by a business in order to stay ahead of its competitors in the market. Con ventionally, TQM encompasses an agreed system of activities in the organization which transcends the operating structure, management of personnel and coordination of business activities in a manner that ensures high quality standards at the most economical budgets (Mizuno, 2004). ... It is a question of collectively involving everybody and everything in the organization through team work, commitment, empowerment of employees etc. The interventions in the TQM process have to be steered by four basic principles of change namely analysis, variability, work processes and continuous improvement. In this case, the production process must be enhanced, variance must be regulated and all the information on operations must be continuously collected and analyzed. In the same way, a continuous effort to improve the performance and the commitment of the employees must always be on course. A combination of these critical factors certainly creates a competitive advantage for the organization TQM and Corporate culture Most organizations have presently realized that in order to survive in the increasingly competitive business environment, they must always strive to become ââ¬Å"total quality organizationsâ⬠(Owlia, 2010). More importantly it should be realized that the esse nce of TQM is the concept of continuous improvement where innovation and change become central issues for management. TQM therefore employs a number of tools and strategies which are applied in the business in order to create a kind of behavior. Such behavior subsequently leads to such aspects like employee empowerment, an open culture in the organization and a sense of executive commitment. These aspects blend in to create the perfect innovation and change which ensures that quality is most ensured. The idea of corporate culture has been widely applied over time in many organizations. It is understood that the success of an organization is associated with the manner in which its employees feel, act and think. In any case, corporate culture includes the values, beliefs assumptions and edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-89265723840587850352019-11-20T17:46:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:46:02.494-08:00The Sales Related Issues of Thorntons PLC Term PaperThe Sales Related Issues of Thorntons PLC - Term Paper Example The industry in which the company operates is very competitive and apt strategies are needed to gain a competitive advantage over other firms. For this purpose a situational analysis will be conducted taking into account both micro-environment and macro-environment. Finally, a SWOT analysis of the company will be conducted in order to understand the present position of the company and the external factors that can benefit or hurt the company in the future. This section will include a commentary on the most important factors of the macro-environment in the chocolate industry. Political The political environment of the United Kingdom is relatively stable. The company does not have to worry about the problems of a turbulent political environment that are prevalent in developing markets. There are although specific regulations regarding marketing of food items that the company has to abide by at all times. In order to prevent childhood obesity, the government is looking to reduce chocola te sizes and that will affect the company (Daily Mail UK, 2009). Regulations such as these can affect a change in production, marketing, and distribution strategy of the company. Economical Economic conditions of the United Kingdom are not ideal and the country is still feeling jolts from the economic recession of 2008. But still, the situation of the chocolate industry is considerably better compared to other industries. The industry has been able to survive the recession and, opposite to other industries, has shown growth as well (Piercy, Cravens, & Lane, 2010). Although the chocolate industry is generally regarded as one of those industries that were able to survive the recession, Hull cityââ¬â¢s economic conditions are not good which may not be good news for the chocolate industry. The unemployment level in the city is higher than the country average (Hull City Council, 2011). This is not a good sign for the chocolate companies operating in the region. Socio-cultural The cult ure of gift giving at Christmas is the main reason behind the increase in sales of chocolates in this season.à edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-90413081440401248412019-11-18T17:52:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:52:02.250-08:00Decisions in Paradise, Part I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsDecisions in Paradise, Part I - Essay Example Surely, what lacks in Kava that would discourage the giant coffeehouse company from setting its subsidiary in the island? Like it is reflected in the mission statement of the company, Starbucks main drive to establish a presence in Kava is to ensure profitable operation of the company and to contribute to the betterment of social and economic welfare of the islanders (Kava population). Behind every attractive business opportunity, there are numerous business risks. Therefore, it is imperative to critically examine the probable risks that Starbuck is likely to encounter prior to making a crucial decision of establishing its presence in Kava. Initiating business on an island that is an epitome of an area under constant wrath of natural disasters is quite a huge gamble to take. Kava is in a mess and people are obviously exited with the tragedy they have been experiencing, which poses a great challenge for new business set up in the area. To begin with, one of the most apparent challenge s that the company will encounter when trying to establish its presence in Kava is prevalent disaster threats. Kava is known to be under constant threat of tidal waves, typhoons, tornadoes, floods, fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, HIV/AIDS, avian flu, terrorism and petroleum spill. These would most likely affect the companyââ¬â¢s operation processes. As such, it would be crucial for the company to employ effective research team to study and recommend a location which exhibits minimal exposure to natural disasters. The company should also establish an effective medical team to ensure that cases of avian flu and HIV/AIDS risks are well taken care of. Another possible problem that is likely to affect the company concerns human resources. Over 50 percent of the population of Kava constitutes young individuals below 15 years of age. As such, the company faces a huge challenge concerning recruitment. To counter this problem, the company will develop part-time employment initiati ves for those who are under 16 years of age. Ethical business practice is another key challenge that the company will have to reckon with. First, greater percentage of the islandââ¬â¢s population is below 15 years of age. This poses a big challenge on employee engagement. The company will have to ensure that it does not violate the minimum age requirement when recruiting workers. The majority of the countryââ¬â¢s population is under 15 years, which exposes the company to numerous suits for using child labor. Another consideration that the company will have to make is upholding ethical production practices. In the contemporary world, many companies are establishing their presence in both domestic and international markets by preaching ââ¬Å"going greenâ⬠gospel (Mullerat, 2010). According to Horrigan (2010), the going green concept is politically oriented compelling organizations to exhibit their social corporate responsibility by showing their green credentials demonstra ting their positive contribution towards sustainability and community development. Starbuck has principles that drive its mission, which is in line with social corporate responsibility requirements. ââ¬Å"Our coffeeâ⬠principle emphasizes on quality while ââ¬Å"our partnersâ⬠principles concentrates on respect and dignity in its operations. The company ensures perfect human connection in dealing with its customers and models its stores edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3350657625689195718.post-76591080709293120702019-11-16T06:24:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:24:04.343-08:00Introduction To The Oil And Gas Industry Commerce EssayIntroduction To The Oil And Gas Industry Commerce Essay The production of crude oil can include up to three different stages and they are primary, secondary and tertiary. The tertiary method is also known as the Enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Different methods of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are designed to recover oil left in the reservoir after both primary and secondary recovery methods have been implemented as per their economic limits. It is also defined as the process where some external energy, sources were introduced to enhance the production of oil from the oil field which is left out after the exploitation of the primary and secondary methods economically. These external sources can be gases, chemicals or even steam through injection systems and the processes involved are gas injection, chemical injection, thermal injection and microbial injection. The purpose of Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is to increase oil production, primarily through an increase in temperature, pressure, or an enhancement of the oils ability to flow through the reservoir. The challenge of EOR is that the remaining oil is located in regions of the reservoir that are difficult to access, and the oil is held in the pores by capillary pressure. During primary recovery, the natural pressure of the reservoir drives oil into the wellbore, and artificial lift techniques (such as pumps) bring the oil to the surface. Only about 10 percent of a reservoirs original oil in place (OOIP) is typically produced during primary recovery. Secondary recovery methods applied to the fields productive life generally by injecting water or gas to displace oil and drive it to a production wellbore, resulting in the recovery of 20 to 40 percent of the original oil in place. Once the reservoir is half empty it is very expensive to extract and not profitable for the companies to produc e oil. At this point of time the companies may abandon the reservoir which is half full. In the past twenty years, many research organizations and oil companies have conducted extensive theoretical and laboratory EOR (enhanced oil recovery) researches to include validating pilot and field trials relevant to much needed domestic commercial application, while western countries had terminated such endeavors almost completely due to low oil prices. In recent years, oil demand has increased and now these operations have become more desirable. On an average, two-thirds of the original oil discovered in the U.S remains in the ground after conventional recovery operations. This oil represents about 200 billion barrels. Due to these factors most of the major oil companies are interested in techniques to extract this oil. And thats where enhanced oil recovery comes in. 2. CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES 2.1 Gas injection: This is the most common and effective method to improve the oil production from the field, which is noted as the most effective one for production of oil for different oil fields. This was first tried in Texas in the 1970s. This technique has been aimed to improve the pressure of reservoir, maintaining low operating costs with the increase in production of oil. The initial expenses for the basic equipment and components of gas are very high, due to which this technique has not seen widespread application. On the other hand the operating costs for this system are very low, these upfront investment costs were the barriers for the smaller independent oil companies to implement this gas injection EOR; however the investment return made possible for even independent smaller companies with the record oil prices. This method associates with nitrogen, natural gas and mainly carbon dioxide with the injection process into the field. The gas (carbon dioxide) spreads and pushes the extra oil to the place it can be extracted out easily. Gradually carbon dioxide dissolves in the oil which helps to improve the oil flow rate by reducing the viscosity of the oil. In these applications, more than half and up to two thirds of the injected carbon dioxide returns with the oil produced and is usually re-injected into the reservoir to minimize the operating costs and the remaining gas is trapped in the oil reservoir in various means. The utilization of the carbon dioxide for the gas injection EOR resulted in the prevention of plenty harmful gases from entering the natural air. C:UsersROCKYDesktopenhanced-oil-recovery.jpg 2.2 Thermal recovery: Steam injection technique has been commercially used since 1960s in California fields. As heat is required to enhance the oil flow rate, steam is sent into the reservoir through the injection system to reduce its viscosity or thin the heavy viscous oil, and improve its ability to flow through the reservoir which can be produced at the producing bore well. Dolberry oil assessed that steam associate for 52percent of present techniques used for Enhanced oil recovery, when compared to the carbon dioxide at 31percent and nitrogen 17percent. The technology called Steam Slugging contains a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide that appeared to double the production of oil within a less period of time which produced good results, making extra ten barrels per day with added advantages like water disposal and cleaning of the bore well. In this process each well is injected for about to 12 hours and then the well is left soaked for 12 to 15 hours in which the gas (carbon dioxide) compounds with the oil while and at the same time nitrogen gas helps in pulling the oil to the place where pressure is low. The extra heat produced by the extra pressure helps to loosen the oil in the pay zone. Eventually the oil produced in this process is extracted in the pay zone surroundings. 2.3 Chemical recovery: There are two types of chemicals that can be sent to the field to enhance the oil production, they are polymers and surfactants. The long chain molecules called polymers which thickens the water used to sweep oil through the reservoir into producing wells. Surfactants are detergent like chemicals that helps to obstruct droplets of oil from moving in the reservoir by lowering the interfacial tension. Implementation of this technique is generally obstructed by the cost factor in chemicals. In this process, the chemicals are sent into the different wells through injection system which helps in extracting the oil from the wells which are nearby. 2.4 Microbial enhanced oil recovery: This method is not used very often because of the high prices and the developments in this technique are very recent. This method refers to the use of micro organisms to recover extra oil from live oil fields, improving the oil production in the reserve. In this method micro organisms are introduced into the reserve to produce harmless by-products, such as gases or slippery natural substances which help to push oil out of the well. The use of micro organisms and their metabolic products to improve the oil production involves the injection of the selected microorganisms into the oil field and the subsequent stimulation and transportation of their in-situ growth products in order that their presence will help in further reduction of residual oil left in the oil field after secondary recovery is exhausted. 3. GLOBAL TRENDS Most of the oil companies aimed to decrease the exploration costs of the existing oil fields and increase their production and recoverable reserves. Many integration methods and co-operations have been established among the companies especially in the Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) area, aiming not only to increase their reserves, but also to extend the useful reservoir lifetime. In a study USA case is analyzed from 1986 to the beginning of 1998, since this is the country that has applied most of these techniques. Recently formed strategic associations in this period are also analyzed. A bibliometric analysis has been performed which shows RD tendencies of EOR method in universities, oil companies and institutions. The study shows that the EOR methods applied worldwide enhanced the production of oil and gas reserves, supported on technologies such as multilateral and horizontal wells, 3D-4D seismic techniques, simulators, nuclear magnetic resonance, materials (polymers, foams, nutrients etc) and equipment (coiled tubing) etc have been proved to be very effective. Current trends in United States enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects are analyzed for the period from 1980-1987. The analysis is based on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) EOR project data base which contains information on more than 1200 projects. The National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) keeps this data base up to date and analyze trends in the data under the provisions of a cooperative agreement with the DOE. The noticeable trend is the steady decline in the number of projects starting per year since 1981, which corresponds the steady decline in the oil prices during that period. On the other hand, polymer and immiscible carbon dioxide projects which peaked in number of starts in 1983. The trend seems to be clearly moving towards the lower risk projects within the screening criteria. True field experimentation with assumptions of higher risks has been decreasing. This trend has seen a change in 1986 as the planned projects appeared to have reversed the decline in project starts, however during this time sharp drop in oil prices led companies to abandon some projects and postpone others. Only the large capital investments already made has seen new starts. Despite the temporary setback, long-term EOR prospects remain good, largely because EOR remains one of the cheapest sources of new oil reserves and could play a key role in maintaining steady oil production for the future. The global market for EOR, estimated at nearly $62.5 billion (for barrels of crude oil) for 2009, has shown exciting growth since 2005 totaling $3.1 billion. Hazy regulations, technological challenges and costly implementation, kept oil companies from using EOR. However, EOR is becoming more attractive and feasible due to the government interest and investment, new technologies and availability of resources (such as CO2). It is expected that the EOR takes a good place in the world market. A number of factors fueled governments interest in EOR, the first one being the increase in oil production besides increase in the oil revenue. Countries that are able to increase their oil production are often lowering their increase in demand for oil import. It is estimated that 13 billion tons of carbon dioxide worldwide could be captured through the use of CO2-EOR, which helps to reduce industrial emissions and in turn reduce green house gases. In Texas, where EOR now accounts for 20% of its oil production, it is estimated the benefits of EOR production will result in additional revenue of $200 billion and will create 1.5 million jobs. 4. ADVANTAGES This is the only technology that combines the benefits of two traditional enhanced oil recovery methods to retrieve more oil which would have been waste remaining in the ground of no use. This method increased revenue and profits for the oil drillers who are able to extract 10percent more of the previously unrecoverable oil from an oil field. The U.S Department of energy estimates that there are approximately 240 billion barrels of oil that can be recovered with next generation enhanced oil recovery methods. Oil drillers are not the only group who would benefit from more effective oil recovery methods. It is expected that the governments and local treasuries would make $280 billion in profit in the form of taxes and royalties from the produced oil. In the process of gas injection most of the carbon dioxide is injected into ground which is produced by human activities such as oil refining or fertilizer manufacturing not only enhances the oil production, but also helps in the reduction of the green house gases which affects the atmosphere. 5. CONCLUSION Although the advantages of the Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process has not been recognized until the recent years, the process has seen a rapid growth in the recent years which helped many companies, governments in enhancing their oil production. This process not only helps in producing more oil but also stood as an environmental friendly system which helps in eradicating the green house gases. These statements strongly support the Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to be the future technique to recover more oil with low operating costs and environment friendly method. edithmoreno936http://www.blogger.com/profile/15122011958494207356noreply@blogger.com0